a) To remove impurities from the metal
b) To increase the metal's mass
c) To decrease the metal's mass
d) To make the metal impure
Answer: a) To remove impurities from the metal
Explanation: Refining is done to purify metals by removing
impurities.
a) Zinc
b) Lead
c) Iron
d) Carbon
Answer: d) Carbon
Explanation: Copper is extracted by smelting its ore (copper(I)
sulfide) with carbon in a furnace.
a) Refining
b) Roasting
c) Concentration of ores
d) Electrolysis
Answer: c) Concentration of ores
Explanation: The first step in metallurgy is to concentrate the
ore to remove impurities.
a) Calcination
b) Roasting
c) Smelting
d) Leaching
Answer: b) Roasting
Explanation: Roasting is the process of heating an ore in
excess air to convert the metal sulfide into an oxide.
a) Froth flotation
b) Leaching
c) Magnetic separation
d) Hydraulic washing
Answer: b) Leaching
Explanation: Bauxite ore is concentrated by leaching with
sodium hydroxide.
a) Iron
b) Steel
c) Oxygen
d) Hydrogen
Answer: a) Iron
Explanation: Iron is obtained from iron ore in the blast
furnace by the reduction of iron oxides using coke.
a) Leaching
b) Roasting
c) Froth flotation
d) Amalgamation
Answer: a) Leaching
Explanation: Gold is extracted by leaching it with a sodium
cyanide solution.
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Sodium
d) Lead
Answer: c) Sodium
Explanation: Sodium is extracted by electrolysis of molten
sodium chloride.
a) Electrolytic reduction
b) Carbon reduction
c) Roasting
d) Leaching
Answer: a) Electrolytic reduction
Explanation: Aluminum is extracted from bauxite ore using
electrolysis in the Hall-Héroult process.
a) Iron
b) Aluminium
c) Zinc
d) Copper
Answer: a) Iron
Explanation: The thermite reaction is used to produce iron by
reducing iron oxide with aluminium powder.
a) Electrolysis
b) Calcination
c) Roasting
d) Reduction
Answer: d) Reduction
Explanation: Reduction is the process of extracting metals by
heating the ore with a reducing agent like carbon.
a) Roasting
b) Reduction with carbon
c) Electrolytic reduction
d) Froth flotation
Answer: b) Reduction with carbon
Explanation: Zinc is extracted by reducing zinc oxide with
carbon.
a) Copper pyrite
b) Hematite
c) Bauxite
d) Galena
Answer: a) Copper pyrite
Explanation: Copper pyrite is concentrated by froth flotation
to remove gangue.
a) Iron
b) Zinc
c) Copper
d) Silver
Answer: b) Zinc
Explanation: Zinc is extracted from its ores by a displacement
reaction.
a) Gold oxide
b) Copper oxide
c) Magnesium oxide
d) Sodium oxide
Answer: b) Copper oxide
Explanation: Copper oxide is reduced to copper by heating it
with carbon.
a) Copper
b) Gold
c) Iron
d) Aluminium
Answer: b) Gold
Explanation: Gold is extracted using mercury in the process of
amalgamation.
a) Alkali metals > Transition metals > Noble metals
b) Noble metals > Transition metals > Alkali metals
c) Transition metals > Alkali metals > Noble metals
d) Noble metals > Alkali metals > Transition metals
Answer: a) Alkali metals > Transition metals > Noble metals
Explanation: Alkali metals are the most reactive, followed by
transition metals, and then noble metals which are the least reactive.
a) Bauxite
b) Haematite
c) Malachite
d) Copper pyrite
Answer: b) Haematite
Explanation: Haematite is the main ore used for the extraction
of iron.
a) Electrolytic reduction is used for the extraction of low reactivity metals.
b) High reactivity metals are extracted by heating with carbon.
c) Metals like sodium and calcium are extracted by electrolysis.
d) Electrolysis is used to extract only non-metals.
Answer: c) Metals like sodium and calcium are extracted by
electrolysis.
Explanation: High reactivity metals like sodium and calcium are
extracted by electrolytic reduction.
a) Separation of pure metals from ores
b) Removal of impurities from ores
c) Concentration of ores
d) Electrolytic extraction of metals
Answer: c) Concentration of ores
Explanation: Froth flotation is used to concentrate ores by
separating valuable minerals from gangue.
a) Haematite
b) Bauxite
c) Galena
d) Zinc blende
Answer: b) Bauxite
Explanation: Bauxite is the main ore used for the extraction of
aluminum.
a) Hydrogen
b) Carbon monoxide
c) Oxygen
d) Nitrogen
Answer: b) Carbon monoxide
Explanation: Carbon monoxide is used in the blast furnace to
reduce metal oxides.
a) Copper
b) Magnesium
c) Iron
d) Sodium
Answer: d) Sodium
Explanation: Sodium is extracted from molten sodium chloride
using electrolysis.
a) Electrolysis
b) Froth flotation
c) Cyanide process
d) Roasting
Answer: c) Cyanide process
Explanation: Silver is extracted using the cyanide process,
where it forms a soluble complex with cyanide ions.
a) To extract metals from ores
b) To concentrate ores
c) To reduce metal oxides to metals
d) To convert metal carbonates to oxides
Answer: d) To convert metal carbonates to oxides
Explanation: Calcination is the heating of ores in the absence
of air to convert metal carbonates into metal oxides.
a) Copper
b) Zinc
c) Iron
d) Sodium
Answer: d) Sodium
Explanation: Sodium is extracted by electrolysis of molten
sodium chloride.
a) Hematite
b) Malachite
c) Bauxite
d) Galena
Answer: b) Malachite
Explanation: Malachite is one of the ores from which copper is
extracted.
a) Hall-Héroult process
b) Thermite reaction
c) Cyanide process
d) Froth flotation
Answer: a) Hall-Héroult process
Explanation: The Hall-Héroult process is used for the
extraction of aluminum through electrolysis of bauxite.
a) Electrolysis
b) Roasting
c) Carbon reduction
d) Leaching
Answer: c) Carbon reduction
Explanation: In a blast furnace, iron ore is reduced to iron
using carbon.
a) Metals with low reactivity can be extracted by heating with carbon.
b) Highly reactive metals cannot be extracted by electrolysis.
c) Noble metals are extracted by reduction with carbon.
d) Metals are extracted only from their ores by heating with air.
Answer: a) Metals with low reactivity can be extracted by
heating with carbon.
Explanation: Metals like iron and copper can be extracted by
heating with carbon as they are less reactive.
a) Calcination
b) Roasting
c) Froth flotation
d) Electrolysis
Answer: b) Roasting
Explanation: After concentration, the ore is roasted to convert
the metal into its oxide form, which can then be reduced to extract the metal.
a) Iron
b) Silica
c) Copper
d) Zinc
Answer: b) Silica
Explanation: Silica (SiO₂) is the main impurity present in
bauxite ore, which must be removed during the refining process.
a) Roasting
b) Calcination
c) Smelting
d) Leaching
Answer: b) Calcination
Explanation: Calcination involves heating an ore in the absence
of air to remove volatile impurities and convert metal carbonates to oxides.
a) Froth flotation
b) Leaching with cyanide
c) Electrolysis
d) Roasting
Answer: b) Leaching with cyanide
Explanation: Gold and silver are extracted using a cyanide
solution in a process called cyanide leaching.
a) Electrolysis of molten bauxite
b) Electrolysis of molten sodium chloride
c) Reduction with carbon
d) Heating in a furnace
Answer: a) Electrolysis of molten bauxite
Explanation: The Hall-Héroult process involves the electrolysis
of molten bauxite (Al₂O₃) in the presence of cryolite to extract aluminum.
a) Copper
b) Zinc
c) Iron
d) Silver
Answer: a) Copper
Explanation: Copper is purified by electrolytic refining, where
impure copper is made the anode and pure copper is deposited on the cathode.
a) Bauxite
b) Galena
c) Haematite
d) Malachite
Answer: c) Haematite
Explanation: Haematite (Fe₂O₃) is the principal ore of iron
used in its extraction.
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen
Answer: b) Carbon
Explanation: Carbon is commonly used as a reducing agent to
reduce metal oxides to pure metals in the extraction process.
a) Roasting
b) Reduction
c) Electrolysis
d) Leaching
Answer: b) Reduction
Explanation: Reduction is the process of extracting metals by
removing oxygen from metal oxides, typically using carbon.
a) Electrolysis
b) Froth flotation
c) Roasting and reduction
d) Hydrometallurgical process
Answer: c) Roasting and reduction
Explanation: Zinc is extracted by roasting zinc blende (ZnS)
and reducing the resulting zinc oxide with carbon.
a) Sodium hydroxide
b) Sodium cyanide
c) Sulfuric acid
d) Potassium chloride
Answer: b) Sodium cyanide
Explanation: Gold is extracted from its ore using sodium
cyanide solution in the cyanide process.
a) Magnesium
b) Aluminium
c) Copper
d) Iron
Answer: d) Iron
Explanation: Iron is extracted from its oxide using aluminium
powder in a thermite reaction, producing molten iron.
a) Aluminium
b) Copper
c) Sodium
d) Potassium
Answer: b) Copper
Explanation: Copper is obtained by electrolytic refining in
which impure copper is used as the anode and pure copper is deposited on the
cathode.
a) All metals can be extracted using carbon as a reducing agent.
b) Only metals with low reactivity can be extracted using carbon.
c) Metals like sodium and calcium are extracted by heating with carbon.
d) Electrolysis is used to extract metals with very low reactivity.
Answer: b) Only metals with low reactivity can be extracted
using carbon.
Explanation: Carbon reduction is suitable for metals with low
reactivity, while more reactive metals require electrolysis.
a) Roasting
b) Leaching
c) Electrolysis
d) Hydrogenation
Answer: c) Electrolysis
Explanation: Aluminum is extracted from bauxite using
electrolysis, particularly the Hall-Héroult process.
a) Oxidation
b) Reduction
c) Addition
d) Substitution
Answer: b) Reduction
Explanation: In the blast furnace, iron ore (Fe₂O₃) is reduced
by carbon monoxide to produce iron.
a) Gold
b) Zinc
c) Iron
d) Copper
Answer: c) Iron
Explanation: Iron is extracted from hematite ore in the blast
furnace by reducing iron oxides with carbon.
a) Reduction of iron oxide
b) Roasting of ore
c) Heating the ore in the furnace
d) Concentration of ore
Answer: d) Concentration of ore
Explanation: The first step in iron extraction is the
concentration of the ore to remove impurities like sand and clay.
a) Electrolysis of molten salts
b) Roasting with carbon
c) Leaching with acids
d) Froth flotation
Answer: a) Electrolysis of molten salts
Explanation: Alkali metals like sodium are extracted by
electrolysis of molten salts, such as sodium chloride.
a) Roasting
b) Amalgamation
c) Leaching
d) Electrolysis
Answer: c) Leaching
Explanation: Leaching involves dissolving a metal from its ore
using a suitable solvent, such as cyanide for gold.