a) Maltose
b) Sucrose
c) Glucose
d) Lactose
Answer: c) Glucose
Explanation: Glucose is a monosaccharide, a simple sugar that
cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler sugars.
a) Fructose
b) Glucose
c) Sucrose
d) Lactose
Answer: c) Sucrose
Explanation: Sucrose is a disaccharide made of glucose and
fructose units joined by a glycosidic bond.
a) C6H12O6
b) C12H22O11
c) C6H10O5
d) C12H24O12
Answer: a) C6H12O6
Explanation: Glucose, a monosaccharide, has the chemical
formula C6H12O6.
a) Glucose
b) Sucrose
c) Fructose
d) Lactose
Answer: b) Sucrose
Explanation: Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar because it does
not have a free aldehyde or ketone group to reduce other substances.
a) Proteins
b) Carbohydrates
c) Lipids
d) Nucleic acids
Answer: a) Proteins
Explanation: Proteins contain nitrogen in their amino groups
(-NH2) as part of their amino acid structure.
a) Glucose
b) Glycogen
c) Sucrose
d) Fructose
Answer: b) Glycogen
Explanation: Glycogen is a polysaccharide, made of multiple
glucose units, and serves as a storage form of energy in animals.
a) Glycine
b) Glutamine
c) Tryptophan
d) Serine
Answer: c) Tryptophan
Explanation: Tryptophan is an essential amino acid, meaning it
must be obtained from the diet.
a) Nucleotides
b) Fatty acids
c) Amino acids
d) Sugars
Answer: c) Amino acids
Explanation: Proteins are polymers of amino acids joined by
peptide bonds.
a) Proteins
b) Phospholipids
c) Carbohydrates
d) Nucleic acids
Answer: b) Phospholipids
Explanation: Phospholipids form the bilayer structure of cell
membranes, providing both structural integrity and functionality.
a) They are used up in reactions.
b) They lower the activation energy of reactions.
c) They increase the temperature of reactions.
d) They are not specific in action.
Answer: b) They lower the activation energy of reactions.
Explanation: Enzymes are biological catalysts that lower the
activation energy required for chemical reactions.
a) Hemoglobin
b) NAD+
c) Insulin
d) Collagen
Answer: b) NAD+
Explanation: NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a
coenzyme involved in redox reactions in cells.
a) They are inorganic catalysts
b) They are consumed during the reaction
c) They are highly specific to the substrates they act upon
d) They increase the activation energy
Answer: c) They are highly specific to the substrates they act
upon
Explanation: Enzymes are highly specific in nature and catalyze
reactions involving particular substrates.
a) Cholesterol
b) RNA
c) Glucose
d) Glycogen
Answer: b) RNA
Explanation: RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a nucleic acid involved
in protein synthesis.
a) Ribose
b) Fructose
c) Glucose
d) Deoxyribose
Answer: a) Ribose
Explanation: Ribose is the sugar present in RNA, while
deoxyribose is found in DNA.
a) Uracil
b) Cytosine
c) Adenine
d) Thymine
Answer: c) Adenine
Explanation: Adenine is a purine base found in both DNA and
RNA.
a) Amino acids
b) Nucleotides
c) Fatty acids
d) Monosaccharides
Answer: b) Nucleotides
Explanation: Nucleic acids are polymers made of nucleotides,
which consist of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.
a) Ribose
b) Glucose
c) Fructose
d) Deoxyribose
Answer: d) Deoxyribose
Explanation: Deoxyribose is the sugar component in DNA, which
lacks one oxygen atom compared to ribose found in RNA.
a) They only function in neutral pH.
b) They can function in high temperatures.
c) They speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy.
d) They are consumed in the reaction.
Answer: c) They speed up reactions by lowering the activation
energy.
Explanation: Enzymes lower the activation energy, allowing
reactions to occur faster without being consumed in the process.
a) Palmitic acid
b) Stearic acid
c) Linoleic acid
d) Oleic acid
Answer: c) Linoleic acid
Explanation: Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid, meaning
it must be obtained through diet as the body cannot synthesize it.
a) They are water-soluble
b) They store energy in the form of glycogen
c) They are non-polar and hydrophobic
d) They are made up of nucleotides
Answer: c) They are non-polar and hydrophobic
Explanation: Lipids are non-polar molecules, which makes them
insoluble in water and suitable for energy storage.
a) Serine
b) Cysteine
c) Glutamine
d) Leucine
Answer: b) Cysteine
Explanation: Cysteine contains a thiol group (-SH) and can form
disulfide bonds, which stabilize protein structures.
a) It stores genetic information.
b) It stores oxygen in muscles.
c) It carries oxygen in the blood.
d) It acts as an enzyme.
Answer: c) It carries oxygen in the blood.
Explanation: Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that
binds to oxygen and carries it throughout the body.
a) Insulin
b) Testosterone
c) Thyroxine
d) Cortisol
Answer: a) Insulin
Explanation: Insulin is a peptide hormone composed of amino
acids and is involved in regulating blood sugar levels.
a) Glucose
b) Starch
c) Alkaloids
d) Cellulose
Answer: c) Alkaloids
Explanation: Alkaloids are secondary metabolites produced by
plants and are known for their medicinal properties.
a) Iron
b) Phosphorus
c) Calcium
d) Sodium
Answer: b) Phosphorus
Explanation: Phosphorus is an essential component of
nucleotides, forming the backbone of nucleic acids.
a) They act on any substance
b) They are specific to substrates
c) They increase activation energy
d) They are consumed in reactions
Answer: b) They are specific to substrates
Explanation: Enzymes are highly specific to their substrates,
catalyzing only particular reactions.
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B1
c) Vitamin B5
d) Vitamin C
Answer: c) Vitamin B5
Explanation: Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) is essential for the
synthesis of coenzyme A, involved in metabolism.
a) The bond between amino acids in proteins
b) The bond between glucose units in glycogen
c) The bond between nucleotides in DNA
d) The bond between fatty acids in lipids
Answer: b) The bond between glucose units in glycogen
Explanation: A glycosidic bond is a covalent bond that connects
carbohydrate units, such as in glycogen.
a) Sucrose
b) Lactose
c) Fructose
d) Maltose
Answer: b) Lactose
Explanation: Lactose is a disaccharide made up of glucose and
galactose, found in milk.
a) They are found only in RNA
b) They consist of a nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate group
c) They contain only ribose sugar
d) They form lipids
Answer: b) They consist of a nitrogenous base, sugar, and
phosphate group
Explanation: Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic
acids, and each consists of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.
a) Storage of genetic information
b) Protein synthesis
c) Storage of energy
d) Structural support in cells
Answer: b) Protein synthesis
Explanation: RNA plays a key role in protein synthesis as mRNA,
tRNA, and rRNA.
a) Oleic acid
b) Stearic acid
c) Linoleic acid
d) Palmitic acid
Answer: c) Linoleic acid
Explanation: Linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid,
meaning it contains more than one double bond.
a) Proteins
b) Carbohydrates
c) Vitamins
d) Lipids
Answer: b) Carbohydrates
Explanation: Dietary fiber is a type of carbohydrate that is
not digested by the body but aids in digestion.
a) Insulin
b) Thyroxine
c) Testosterone
d) Cortisol
Answer: a) Insulin
Explanation: Insulin is a protein hormone that helps regulate
blood sugar levels.
a) Genetic information storage
b) Energy storage
c) Protein synthesis
d) Nucleic acid formation
Answer: b) Energy storage
Explanation: Lipids, such as fats, are used by the body for
energy storage.
a) Providing energy
b) Storing genetic information
c) Acting as structural components
d) Serving as energy reserves
Answer: b) Storing genetic information
Explanation: Genetic information is stored in nucleic acids
(DNA and RNA), not carbohydrates.
a) Amino acids
b) Fatty acids
c) Nucleotides
d) Sugars
Answer: c) Nucleotides
Explanation: Nucleic acids are composed of long chains of
nucleotides, each containing a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base.
a) Glutamine
b) Aspartic acid
c) Methionine
d) Glutamic acid
Answer: a) Glutamine
Explanation: Glutamine plays a significant role in providing
amino groups for the synthesis of amino acids.
a) Phospholipids
b) Triglycerides
c) Steroids
d) Waxes
Answer: a) Phospholipids
Explanation: Phospholipids are a major component of cell
membranes, forming the lipid bilayer.
a) Hemoglobin
b) Catalase
c) Insulin
d) Collagen
Answer: b) Catalase
Explanation: Catalase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown
of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
a) They contain one or more double bonds
b) They are liquid at room temperature
c) They are found in animal fats
d) They are essential fatty acids
Answer: c) They are found in animal fats
Explanation: Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds and are
typically solid at room temperature.
a) DNA
b) RNA
c) ATP
d) NADH
Answer: b) RNA
Explanation: RNA, especially mRNA, is involved in protein
synthesis by carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
a) Oranges
b) Eggs
c) Fish
d) Milk
Answer: a) Oranges
Explanation: Oranges are a rich source of vitamin C, which is
essential for immune function and skin health.
a) They can work without a cofactor.
b) They increase the activation energy of a reaction.
c) They are not consumed in the reaction.
d) They work on any substrate.
Answer: c) They are not consumed in the reaction.
Explanation: Enzymes are catalysts and are not consumed or
permanently altered in the reaction.
a) Vitamin C
b) Vitamin B12
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin B1
Answer: c) Vitamin D
Explanation: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin involved in
calcium metabolism and bone health.
a) Alpha helix
b) Beta sheet
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
Answer: c) Both a and b
Explanation: Secondary protein structure includes alpha helices
and beta sheets, which are formed by hydrogen bonds between the amino acid
backbone.
a) Store energy
b) Act as a structural component
c) Carry out photosynthesis
d) Carry out respiration
Answer: b) Act as a structural component
Explanation: Cellulose is a polysaccharide that provides
structural support to plant cells.
a) Cysteine
b) Glutamine
c) Alanine
d) Serine
Answer: a) Cysteine
Explanation: Cysteine contains a thiol group (-SH), which can
form a disulfide bridge with another cysteine residue.
a) It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates
b) It stores energy in the liver
c) It synthesizes proteins
d) It provides immune protection
Answer: a) It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates
Explanation: Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood
glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.
a) Storage of energy
b) Immune defense
c) Genetic material storage
d) Regulation of metabolism
Answer: b) Immune defense
Explanation: Proteins play a crucial role in immune defense by
acting as antibodies that help fight infections.