Answer: A
Explanation: Hybridization is the process of
crossing two different plants to combine their desirable characteristics, such
as higher yield, disease resistance, etc.
Answer: A
Explanation: Golden rice is a biofortified
crop, engineered to produce higher levels of Vitamin A to
combat vitamin deficiencies in developing countries.
Answer: B
Explanation: Tissue culture is a technique
used to grow plant cells, tissues, or organs in a sterile environment to produce
genetically identical plants.
Answer: A
Explanation: Triticale is a hybrid crop
developed by crossing wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale), combining their
beneficial traits such as disease resistance and high yield.
Answer: D
Explanation: Crop improvement aims at
enhancing multiple aspects, including disease resistance,
high yield, and better quality to meet the
growing demand for food.
Answer: A
Explanation: Bt cotton is genetically modified
to produce a toxin from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis
that is toxic to certain pests, reducing the need for chemical pesticides.
Answer: D
Explanation: Cryopreservation involves
freezing plant material at very low temperatures to preserve it for long
periods, thereby enhancing the shelf life of crops.
Answer: A
Explanation: Herbicides are chemicals used to
control or kill unwanted plants (weeds) that compete with crops for nutrients,
water, and sunlight.
Answer: A
Explanation: IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) is a
naturally occurring plant hormone involved in plant growth regulation, commonly
used to induce rooting and promote growth.
Answer: B
Explanation: Crossbreeding is used to combine
the desirable traits of two different breeds to enhance quality
and quantity of animal products, such as milk,
meat, and wool.
Answer: B
Explanation: GM crops can be engineered to
have enhanced nutritional value, such as Golden rice
with increased vitamin A content.
Answer: B
Explanation: Chemical fertilizers can lead to
water pollution when they run off into water bodies, causing
eutrophication and harming aquatic ecosystems.
Answer: B
Explanation: Genetic engineering is the
process of transferring specific genes from one organism to another to achieve
desired traits, such as pest resistance in crops.
Answer: C
Explanation: The rice weevil is a significant
pest of rice, damaging stored grains and reducing yield quality.
Answer: C
Explanation: Polyploidy refers to the
condition where a plant has more than two sets of chromosomes, often resulting
in larger and more robust plants with better yield.
Answer: B
Explanation: Crossbreeding is commonly used in
animal husbandry to combine the desirable traits of different breeds, such as
higher milk production or disease resistance.
Answer: B
Explanation: Yeasts, a type of fungus,
are used in the fermentation process to produce alcoholic beverages
like beer and wine.
Answer: B
Explanation: The Green Revolution involved the
development and use of high-yielding varieties (HYVs),
chemical fertilizers, and irrigation techniques to
increase food production.
Answer: B
Explanation: A transgenic animal contains
genes transferred from another species, such as a fish that has
been engineered to contain growth hormone genes to accelerate
growth.
Answer: B
Explanation: Organic farming relies on natural
processes such as crop rotation, green manure,
and composting, and does not use synthetic chemicals.
Answer: B
Explanation: Organic farming generally has a
lesser environmental impact because it avoids the use of
synthetic chemicals, focusing on natural practices like crop rotation and
composting.
Answer: D
Explanation: All of the above methods help
improve soil fertility. Chemical fertilizers provide nutrients,
organic fertilizers enhance microbial activity, and
crop rotation helps prevent soil depletion.
Answer: C
Explanation: Night blindness is a condition
caused by Vitamin A deficiency, which impairs the ability to
see in low light.
Answer: A
Explanation: Ethylene is a plant hormone that
is used for artificially ripening fruits like bananas and tomatoes.
Answer: A
Explanation: Cryopreservation is used to
preserve plant germplasm (seeds, tissues) in a frozen state to maintain
genetic diversity for future breeding.
Answer: D
Explanation: Rhizobium, Azotobacter,
and Cyanobacteria all play a key role in nitrogen
fixation, converting atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms for plants.
Answer: A
Explanation: Micropropagation is a tissue
culture technique used to produce disease-free plants by propagating them from a
small tissue sample under sterile conditions.
Answer: D
Explanation: Selection is a method where the
best plants (with desirable traits like disease resistance) are selected and
propagated to improve future generations.
Answer: B
Explanation: The Bt toxin in genetically
modified crops, such as Bt cotton, produces a protein that is
toxic to specific insect pests, helping to protect the crops from damage.
Answer: C
Explanation: Monoculture farming involves
growing a single crop over large areas, which can lead to soil depletion
and an increase in pest populations due to the lack of crop diversity.
Answer: C
Explanation: Genetically modified crops
generally result in lower production costs by reducing the need
for chemical pesticides and increasing yield through pest resistance.
Answer: B
Explanation: Crop rotation involves growing
different crops in a specific sequence on the same piece of land to maintain
soil fertility and reduce pest buildup.
Answer: D
Explanation: Rhizobium, Azotobacter,
and Azospirillum are nitrogen-fixing bacteria that are used as
biofertilizers to enhance soil fertility.
Answer: C
Explanation: Flavr-Savr tomato is genetically
engineered to have a longer shelf life by delaying ripening, reducing spoilage.
Answer: D
Explanation: Biotechnology has applications in
agriculture for producing biofuels, herbicide-resistant
crops, and biodegradable plastics, which are not
directly edible but have significant agricultural benefits.
Answer: B
Explanation: Biopesticides are derived from
natural materials and are less toxic to humans and other
non-target organisms, making them an environmentally friendly alternative to
chemical pesticides.
Answer: B
Explanation: Microbial inoculants are used in
agriculture to introduce beneficial microbes into the soil, enhancing
soil fertility and promoting plant growth.
Answer: A
Explanation: Artificial insemination is a
biotechnology technique used to improve livestock by selecting high-quality
genetic material for breeding, increasing yield, and preventing the spread of
diseases.
Answer: C
Explanation: GM crops are modified to express
specific traits, such as pest resistance, drought
tolerance, or improved nutritional content, depending
on the genetic modification.
Answer: C
Explanation: Monoculture increases the risk of
disease outbreaks as a single pathogen can affect the entire crop, reducing
yield and quality.
Answer: D
Explanation: Hybridization and
cross-pollination both increase genetic diversity by combining
different genetic traits from different plants.
Answer: C
Explanation: Sustainable agriculture focuses
on practices like crop rotation and conservation
tillage to protect the environment, maintain soil health, and reduce
chemical inputs.
Answer: D
Explanation: Monoculture is not part of
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) because it can increase pest
vulnerability. IPM involves biological control,
chemical control, and cultural practices to manage
pests sustainably.
Answer: B
Explanation: In organic farming, plant
nutrients are primarily supplied through organic fertilizers
like compost and manure, which are rich in
nutrients and enhance soil health.
Answer: D
Explanation: Herbivores are a biotic
factor that can affect plant growth by consuming plant tissues and
reducing plant population density.
Answer: C
Explanation: Genetic modification is primarily
used to introduce beneficial traits into crops, such as
pest resistance or drought tolerance, to improve
agricultural productivity.
Answer: B
Explanation: Water is a renewable
resource used in agriculture, provided it is managed sustainably and
replenished naturally through the water cycle.
Answer: B
Explanation: Intercropping involves
growing two or more crops simultaneously in the same field, often to
reduce pest pressure and improve soil health.
Answer: A
Explanation: Terracing is a technique used to
prevent soil erosion, especially on sloped land, by creating
flat areas that slow down water runoff.
Answer: C
Explanation: Rhizobium is a
biofertilizer that helps fix nitrogen in the soil, enhancing soil
fertility and supporting plant growth.