Answer: C
Explanation: Cancer is a non-communicable
disease as it is not caused by infectious agents and does not spread from one
person to another.
Answer: D
Explanation: Malaria is caused by Plasmodium,
a protozoan parasite transmitted through the bites of infected Anopheles
mosquitoes.
Answer: C
Explanation: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, blood
transfusions, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding.
Answer: C
Explanation: The HPV vaccine protects against
Human Papillomavirus (HPV), which is linked to the development
of cervical cancer.
Answer: C
Explanation: Diarrhea is not a symptom of
tuberculosis (TB), which primarily causes respiratory symptoms
like persistent cough, weight loss, and night sweats.
Answer: B
Explanation: Immunity refers to the body's
ability to defend itself against infections and diseases caused by pathogens
like bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.
Answer: B
Explanation: Vaccines provide active
acquired immunity by stimulating the body’s immune system to produce
antibodies against specific pathogens.
Answer: C
Explanation: Tuberculosis is not transmitted
by vectors but through respiratory droplets from an infected person.
Malaria, dengue, and plague are all
vector-borne diseases.
Answer: A
Explanation: AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which
attacks and weakens the immune system.
Answer: A
Explanation: Goiter is caused by an iodine
deficiency, leading to an enlargement of the thyroid gland.
Answer: B
Explanation: Tuberculosis is caused by the
bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Answer: C
Explanation: Innate immunity provides a
non-specific defense against pathogens and responds immediately
after infection.
Answer: C
Explanation: B-cells are responsible for
producing antibodies as part of the humoral immune
response.
Answer: B
Explanation: Polio is caused by the
poliovirus, a viral infection.
Answer: D
Explanation: Passive immunity involves the
transfer of antibodies from another source, such as from mother
to child during breastfeeding, providing short-term protection.
Answer: B
Explanation: Dengue fever is transmitted by
the Aedes mosquito, particularly Aedes aegypti.
Answer: B
Explanation: Ringworm is caused by
fungi, specifically dermatophytes.
Answer: A
Explanation: Rheumatoid arthritis is an
autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own
tissues.
Answer: C
Explanation: The Aedes mosquito is responsible
for transmitting the Zika virus, which can cause birth defects
in newborns.
Answer: A
Explanation: Tuberculosis is caused by the
bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Answer: C
Explanation: Interferons are proteins produced
by virus-infected cells that help prevent viral replication in
nearby healthy cells.
Answer: A
Explanation: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune
disease in which the immune system destroys the insulin-producing beta
cells in the pancreas.
Answer: B
Explanation: Measles is characterized by a
skin rash, along with fever, cough, and red eyes.
Answer: B
Explanation: Active acquired immunity involves
the production of memory cells after exposure to a pathogen,
which provides long-term immunity.
Answer: B
Explanation: Malaria is caused by protozoan
parasites of the genus Plasmodium.
Answer: D
Explanation: Hepatitis B is transmitted
through blood and bodily fluids of an infected person.
Answer: B
Explanation: T-cells are involved in the
cell-mediated immune response, which targets infected cells and
tumor cells.
Answer: B
Explanation: Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
process and present antigens to T-cells,
triggering the immune response.
Answer: B
Explanation: Insecticides and mosquito
nets are the most common methods used to prevent malaria
by controlling the mosquito vector.
Answer: C
Explanation: Sleeping sickness is transmitted
by the Tsetse fly and is caused by the protozoan
Trypanosoma.
Answer: B
Explanation: Leprosy is caused by the
bacterium Mycobacterium leprae.
Answer: C
Explanation: Vaccines stimulate the production
of antibodies in the body, providing immunity against specific
pathogens without causing the disease.
Answer: D
Explanation: Immunization is a preventive
measure against diseases, whereas sanitation, water
quality, and lifestyle are factors that can influence
the spread of diseases.
Answer: B
Explanation: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
leads to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) by weakening
the immune system, making the body more vulnerable to infections.
Answer: A
Explanation: Dengue fever is transmitted by
Aedes mosquitoes, not by houseflies,
Culex mosquitoes, or Tsetse flies.
Answer: D
Explanation: Tuberculosis is commonly
diagnosed using X-ray and by testing sputum
for the presence of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium.
Answer: B
Explanation: Memory cells remember pathogens
from previous infections, allowing the immune system to respond more quickly and
effectively if the pathogen invades again.
Answer: A
Explanation: Rickets is caused by a deficiency
of Vitamin D, leading to weakened bones in children.
Answer: C
Explanation: A pandemic refers to an outbreak
of disease that spreads across multiple continents or worldwide,
affecting a large number of people.
Answer: C
Explanation: Malaria is caused by
Plasmodium protozoa and is transmitted by the Anopheles
mosquito.
Answer: B
Explanation: Yellow fever is a viral disease
transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, similar to dengue
and Zika virus.
Answer: A
Explanation: Multiple sclerosis is a disease
where the immune system attacks and destroys the myelin sheath
surrounding nerve fibers, affecting the nervous system.
Answer: A
Explanation: Cancer cells evade the normal
process of apoptosis (programmed cell death), allowing them to
proliferate uncontrollably.
Answer: C
Explanation: Macrophages are
antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that engulf pathogens and present their
antigens to T-cells, triggering the immune response.
Answer: C
Explanation: Viral hepatitis (A, B, and C) is
commonly transmitted through blood and sexual contact,
with hepatitis A also spread by contaminated food and water.
Answer: D
Explanation: Tuberculosis is caused by the
bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Answer: C
Explanation: Hypertension is a chronic
disease that persists over time, while diseases like common cold,
influenza, and malaria are typically acute.
Answer: D
Explanation: Hyperthyroidism occurs when the
thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones, leading to
symptoms like weight loss and rapid heart rate.
Answer: A
Explanation: Cholera is caused by the
bacterium Vibrio cholerae, typically transmitted through
contaminated water.
Answer: A
Explanation: Scurvy is caused by a deficiency
of Vitamin C, leading to symptoms such as weakness,
swollen joints, and gum disease.