ROUTERA

Chapter 3 Human Reproduction

Class 12th Biology Chapter MCQs

1. Which of the following is the function of the male reproductive system?

  • A) To produce sperm
  • B) To produce eggs
  • C) To provide nourishment to the embryo
  • D) To receive sperm

Answer: A
Explanation: The primary function of the male reproductive system is the production of sperm.

2. The hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males is:

  • A) Estrogen
  • B) Progesterone
  • C) Testosterone
  • D) LH

Answer: C
Explanation: Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as deepening of the voice and body hair growth.

3. Where does fertilization in humans typically take place?

  • A) Ovary
  • B) Fallopian tube
  • C) Uterus
  • D) Vagina

Answer: B
Explanation: Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube, where the sperm meets the egg.

4. Which structure in the female reproductive system produces eggs?

  • A) Uterus
  • B) Ovary
  • C) Fallopian tube
  • D) Cervix

Answer: B
Explanation: The ovaries are the female reproductive organs that produce eggs (ova).

5. Which hormone triggers ovulation in females?

  • A) Estrogen
  • B) Progesterone
  • C) LH (Luteinizing hormone)
  • D) FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

Answer: C
Explanation: Luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers ovulation, which is the release of the egg from the ovary.

6. The structure that connects the ovaries to the uterus is called the:

  • A) Cervix
  • B) Fallopian tube
  • C) Endometrium
  • D) Vagina

Answer: B
Explanation: The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus and provide the passage through which the egg moves from the ovary to the uterus.

7. What is the function of the placenta in humans?

  • A) To produce hormones
  • B) To allow exchange of nutrients and gases between the mother and fetus
  • C) To store waste materials
  • D) To aid in embryo development

Answer: B
Explanation: The placenta allows for the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products between the mother and fetus during pregnancy.

8. During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium thicken in preparation for pregnancy?

  • A) Menstrual phase
  • B) Follicular phase
  • C) Ovulatory phase
  • D) Luteal phase

Answer: B
Explanation: During the follicular phase, the endometrium thickens to prepare for the potential implantation of a fertilized egg.

9. Which of the following is the function of the vas deferens in males?

  • A) To secrete testosterone
  • B) To store sperm
  • C) To carry sperm from the epididymis to the urethra
  • D) To produce sperm

Answer: C
Explanation: The vas deferens carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra for ejaculation.

10. The male hormone that controls the production of sperm is:

  • A) LH
  • B) FSH
  • C) Testosterone
  • D) Estrogen

Answer: C
Explanation: Testosterone plays a significant role in controlling the production of sperm and the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.

11. The part of the sperm that contains enzymes to help penetrate the egg is called the:

  • A) Tail
  • B) Acrosome
  • C) Head
  • D) Mitochondrion

Answer: B
Explanation: The acrosome is the cap-like structure at the head of the sperm that contains enzymes necessary for penetrating the egg during fertilization.

12. The process of sperm formation is called:

  • A) Spermatogenesis
  • B) Oogenesis
  • C) Meiosis
  • D) Mitosis

Answer: A
Explanation: Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm formation in the testes.

13. Which of the following is not a part of the male reproductive system?

  • A) Testes
  • B) Urethra
  • C) Prostate gland
  • D) Uterus

Answer: D
Explanation: The uterus is a part of the female reproductive system, not the male reproductive system.

14. What is the function of the corpus luteum in the female reproductive system?

  • A) To produce estrogen and progesterone
  • B) To produce eggs
  • C) To stimulate ovulation
  • D) To produce FSH

Answer: A
Explanation: The corpus luteum produces the hormones estrogen and progesterone, which help maintain pregnancy if fertilization occurs.

15. The first stage of the human menstrual cycle is the:

  • A) Menstrual phase
  • B) Ovulation phase
  • C) Follicular phase
  • D) Luteal phase

Answer: A
Explanation: The menstrual phase is the first stage of the menstrual cycle, where the uterine lining sheds if fertilization has not occurred.

16. Which of the following hormones is responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics?

  • A) Progesterone
  • B) Estrogen
  • C) Testosterone
  • D) FSH

Answer: B
Explanation: Estrogen is the hormone responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development and wider hips.

17. In males, the production of sperm is controlled by which two hormones?

  • A) FSH and LH
  • B) Estrogen and progesterone
  • C) Testosterone and FSH
  • D) LH and estrogen

Answer: A
Explanation: In males, FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) and LH (Luteinizing Hormone) control sperm production.

18. Where are the testes located in the male reproductive system?

  • A) Inside the abdominal cavity
  • B) Inside the scrotum
  • C) In the pelvic cavity
  • D) In the penis

Answer: B
Explanation: The testes are located inside the scrotum, which is outside the abdominal cavity, to maintain a temperature lower than the body's core temperature, necessary for sperm production.

19. The process of egg formation in females is called:

  • A) Spermatogenesis
  • B) Oogenesis
  • C) Fertilization
  • D) Menstruation

Answer: B
Explanation: Oogenesis is the process of egg (ovum) formation in the ovaries of females.

20. Which of the following is the site of implantation in human females?

  • A) Ovary
  • B) Fallopian tube
  • C) Uterus
  • D) Vagina

Answer: C
Explanation: The fertilized egg implants in the endometrium of the uterus for further development into an embryo.

21. What is the primary function of the seminal vesicles?

  • A) To produce sperm
  • B) To secrete seminal fluid
  • C) To store sperm
  • D) To regulate hormone production

Answer: B
Explanation: The seminal vesicles secrete seminal fluid, which nourishes and protects sperm.

22. Which of the following structures produces the hormone progesterone during pregnancy?

  • A) Placenta
  • B) Ovary
  • C) Uterus
  • D) Pituitary gland

Answer: A
Explanation: The placenta produces progesterone during pregnancy to help maintain the uterine lining.

23. What is the name of the structure that surrounds and protects the developing embryo in the uterus?

  • A) Amnion
  • B) Chorion
  • C) Placenta
  • D) Zygote

Answer: A
Explanation: The amnion is the membrane that surrounds and protects the developing embryo, providing it with a protective cushion.

24. During pregnancy, the hormone responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum is:

  • A) HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
  • B) Progesterone
  • C) Estrogen
  • D) Prolactin

Answer: A
Explanation: Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) maintains the corpus luteum during the early stages of pregnancy.

25. Which of the following is the function of the cervix in the female reproductive system?

  • A) To produce eggs
  • B) To facilitate sperm entry into the uterus
  • C) To support the developing fetus
  • D) To secrete hormones

Answer: B
Explanation: The cervix is the lower part of the uterus and allows sperm to enter into the uterus during intercourse.

26. Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the thickening of the endometrial lining in preparation for implantation?

  • A) Menstrual phase
  • B) Follicular phase
  • C) Luteal phase
  • D) Ovulatory phase

Answer: C
Explanation: The luteal phase is when the endometrial lining thickens in preparation for possible implantation of a fertilized egg.

27. Which hormone surge triggers ovulation?

  • A) Progesterone
  • B) Estrogen
  • C) LH (Luteinizing hormone)
  • D) FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

Answer: C
Explanation: The surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers ovulation, the release of the mature egg from the ovary.

28. What is the function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

  • A) To produce sperm
  • B) To store sperm
  • C) To secrete seminal fluid
  • D) To transport sperm to the vas deferens

Answer: B
Explanation: The epididymis stores and matures sperm before they are ejaculated.

29. In the female reproductive system, the fertilized egg is called a:

  • A) Zygote
  • B) Morula
  • C) Blastocyst
  • D) Embryo

Answer: A
Explanation: The fertilized egg is called a zygote, which divides and forms the embryo.

30. The hormone that stimulates milk production in females after childbirth is:

  • A) Prolactin
  • B) Oxytocin
  • C) Estrogen
  • D) Progesterone

Answer: A
Explanation: Prolactin is the hormone responsible for stimulating milk production after childbirth.

31. The hormone responsible for the expulsion of milk from the mammary glands is:

  • A) Progesterone
  • B) Estrogen
  • C) Prolactin
  • D) Oxytocin

Answer: D
Explanation: Oxytocin stimulates the release of milk from the mammary glands during breastfeeding.

32. The release of an egg from the ovary is called:

  • A) Menstruation
  • B) Ovulation
  • C) Fertilization
  • D) Implantation

Answer: B
Explanation: Ovulation is the process in which a mature egg is released from the ovary.

33. Which of the following structures is responsible for the nourishment of the developing embryo?

  • A) Placenta
  • B) Ovary
  • C) Uterus
  • D) Fallopian tube

Answer: A
Explanation: The placenta provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing embryo and removes waste.

34. Which of the following cells are haploid in humans?

  • A) Sperm
  • B) Zygote
  • C) Somatic cells
  • D) Egg

Answer: A and D
Explanation: Both sperm and egg cells are haploid, meaning they contain half the number of chromosomes (23 chromosomes).

35. The structure formed after fertilization of the egg is known as:

  • A) Zygote
  • B) Blastocyst
  • C) Morula
  • D) Embryo

Answer: A
Explanation: After fertilization, the fertilized egg becomes a zygote, which undergoes division to form a blastocyst and later an embryo.

36. Which of the following structures is responsible for the production of sperm in males?

  • A) Seminal vesicle
  • B) Epididymis
  • C) Testes
  • D) Prostate gland

Answer: C
Explanation: The testes are responsible for the production of sperm.

37. The first event that happens during fertilization is:

  • A) Fusion of sperm and egg nuclei
  • B) Formation of zygote
  • C) Penetration of sperm into egg
  • D) Formation of blastocyst

Answer: C
Explanation: The first event in fertilization is the penetration of sperm into the egg, followed by the fusion of their nuclei.

38. Which of the following describes the menstrual cycle?

  • A) 28-day cycle
  • B) 30-day cycle
  • C) 20-day cycle
  • D) 14-day cycle

Answer: A
Explanation: The typical menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days, though it can vary among individuals.

39. The uterine lining is shed during:

  • A) Ovulation
  • B) Menstruation
  • C) Pregnancy
  • D) Implantation

Answer: B
Explanation: During menstruation, the endometrial lining is shed if the egg has not been fertilized.

40. Which of the following is a part of the male external genitalia?

  • A) Epididymis
  • B) Urethra
  • C) Penis
  • D) Seminal vesicle

Answer: C
Explanation: The penis is part of the external genitalia in males and serves as the organ for urination and sexual intercourse.

41. Which of the following structures is responsible for storing sperm in males?

  • A) Seminal vesicle
  • B) Epididymis
  • C) Prostate gland
  • D) Testes

Answer: B
Explanation: The epididymis stores and matures sperm before they are ejaculated.

42. The zygote undergoes several divisions and forms a ball of cells known as:

  • A) Morula
  • B) Blastocyst
  • C) Embryo
  • D) Fetus

Answer: A
Explanation: After fertilization, the zygote undergoes several cell divisions and forms a ball of cells known as the morula.

43. During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium reach its maximum thickness?

  • A) Follicular phase
  • B) Ovulation
  • C) Luteal phase
  • D) Menstrual phase

Answer: C
Explanation: During the luteal phase, the endometrium thickens in preparation for the possible implantation of a fertilized egg.

44. The function of the prostate gland in males is to:

  • A) Produce sperm
  • B) Secrete seminal fluid
  • C) Secrete testosterone
  • D) Store sperm

Answer: B
Explanation: The prostate gland secretes a fluid that forms part of the semen and helps nourish the sperm.

45. The process of sperm formation is called:

  • A) Spermatogenesis
  • B) Oogenesis
  • C) Mitosis
  • D) Fertilization

Answer: A
Explanation: Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm production in males.

46. The part of the sperm that contains the genetic material is called:

  • A) Acrosome
  • B) Tail
  • C) Head
  • D) Mitochondria

Answer: C
Explanation: The head of the sperm contains the nucleus, which carries the genetic material (DNA).

47. The fusion of sperm and egg results in the formation of a:

  • A) Zygote
  • B) Morula
  • C) Blastocyst
  • D) Fetus

Answer: A
Explanation: The fusion of sperm and egg results in the formation of a zygote.

48. Which of the following is a part of the female reproductive system that receives sperm during copulation?

  • A) Ovaries
  • B) Uterus
  • C) Vagina
  • D) Fallopian tube

Answer: C
Explanation: The vagina is the part of the female reproductive system where sperm is received during copulation.

49. The process of egg formation in females is known as:

  • A) Spermatogenesis
  • B) Oogenesis
  • C) Meiosis
  • D) Fertilization

Answer: B
Explanation: Oogenesis is the process by which eggs (ova) are formed in females.

50. What is the role of the amniotic fluid?

  • A) To protect the embryo
  • B) To nourish the embryo
  • C) To maintain the temperature of the embryo
  • D) All of the above

Answer: D
Explanation: Amniotic fluid protects the embryo, maintains a stable temperature, and allows for proper development within the amniotic sac.