ROUTERA

Chapter 2 Sexual reproduction in flowering plants

Class 12th Biology Chapter MCQs

1. Which of the following is not a part of the female reproductive organ of a flower?

  • A) Stigma
  • B) Style
  • C) Anther
  • D) Ovary

Answer: C
Explanation: The anther is part of the male reproductive organ (stamen), while stigma, style, and ovary are part of the female reproductive organ (pistil).

2. In which part of the flower does fertilization occur?

  • A) Ovary
  • B) Anther
  • C) Stigma
  • D) Style

Answer: A
Explanation: Fertilization occurs in the ovary, where the male gamete (pollen) meets the female gamete (egg cell) in the ovule.

3. The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma is called:

  • A) Fertilization
  • B) Germination
  • C) Pollination
  • D) Seed dispersal

Answer: C
Explanation: Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma in flowers.

4. The male gamete in flowering plants is:

  • A) Ovule
  • B) Pollen grain
  • C) Ovary
  • D) Zygote

Answer: B
Explanation: The male gamete in flowering plants is contained in the pollen grain.

5. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during fertilization in plants?

  • A) Pollen grain, pollen tube, ovule, zygote
  • B) Ovule, pollen grain, pollen tube, zygote
  • C) Pollen tube, zygote, ovule, pollen grain
  • D) Ovary, pollen grain, pollen tube, zygote

Answer: A
Explanation: The correct sequence is: pollen grain reaches the stigma, forms a pollen tube that travels down to the ovule, and the male gamete fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote.

6. What is the term for the fusion of male and female gametes in plants?

  • A) Germination
  • B) Pollination
  • C) Fertilization
  • D) Vegetative propagation

Answer: C
Explanation: Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.

7. Which of the following structures is responsible for the development of seeds?

  • A) Ovule
  • B) Stigma
  • C) Style
  • D) Anther

Answer: A
Explanation: The ovule develops into a seed after fertilization.

8. Which of the following is not a method of asexual reproduction in plants?

  • A) Budding
  • B) Binary fission
  • C) Fragmentation
  • D) Cross-pollination

Answer: D
Explanation: Cross-pollination is a method of sexual reproduction, not asexual reproduction.

9. The fertilized egg cell in plants is called:

  • A) Zygote
  • B) Embryo
  • C) Ovule
  • D) Endosperm

Answer: A
Explanation: The fertilized egg cell is called the zygote, which eventually develops into the embryo.

10. Which of the following structures is part of the male reproductive organ in a flower?

  • A) Style
  • B) Ovary
  • C) Anther
  • D) Stigma

Answer: C
Explanation: The anther is part of the male reproductive organ (stamen) that produces pollen.

11. The process of double fertilization in flowering plants involves the fusion of:

  • A) One male gamete with one female gamete
  • B) One male gamete with two female gametes
  • C) Two male gametes with one female gamete
  • D) One male gamete with one egg cell and one with two polar nuclei

Answer: D
Explanation: In double fertilization, one male gamete fuses with the egg cell to form the zygote, and the other fuses with two polar nuclei to form the endosperm.

12. The first structure to emerge from a seed during germination is the:

  • A) Radicle
  • B) Cotyledon
  • C) Plumule
  • D) Hypocotyl

Answer: A
Explanation: The radicle (embryonic root) is the first structure to emerge during seed germination.

13. The function of the stigma in a flower is to:

  • A) Produce pollen
  • B) Receive pollen during pollination
  • C) Protect the ovules
  • D) Attract pollinators

Answer: B
Explanation: The stigma is the part of the female reproductive organ that receives pollen during pollination.

14. In which of the following plants does self-pollination occur?

  • A) Mango
  • B) Apple
  • C) Pea
  • D) Guava

Answer: C
Explanation: Pea plants are known for self-pollination, where pollen from the same plant fertilizes the ovules.

15. Which part of the flower develops into fruit?

  • A) Ovary
  • B) Stigma
  • C) Style
  • D) Anther

Answer: A
Explanation: The ovary develops into the fruit after fertilization.

16. Which of the following is not a method of pollination?

  • A) Wind pollination
  • B) Water pollination
  • C) Self-pollination
  • D) Asexual reproduction

Answer: D
Explanation: Asexual reproduction is not a method of pollination; it involves the formation of new individuals without gamete fusion.

17. The structure that connects the ovary to the stigma in the pistil is called the:

  • A) Style
  • B) Pedicel
  • C) Filament
  • D) Anther

Answer: A
Explanation: The style connects the ovary to the stigma and allows the passage of the pollen tube.

18. The pollen grain in flowering plants is produced in the:

  • A) Ovary
  • B) Stigma
  • C) Anther
  • D) Style

Answer: C
Explanation: The anther produces pollen grains, which contain the male gametes.

19. Which of the following processes is involved in the formation of pollen tube?

  • A) Germination
  • B) Fertilization
  • C) Pollination
  • D) Cell division

Answer: D
Explanation: The pollen grain germinates on the stigma, and a pollen tube grows down through the style to reach the ovary for fertilization.

20. In which type of plants does fertilization occur without the involvement of water?

  • A) Algae
  • B) Mosses
  • C) Ferns
  • D) Angiosperms

Answer: D
Explanation: In angiosperms (flowering plants), fertilization occurs without the involvement of water through the transfer of pollen.

21. Which of the following is true regarding the endosperm?

  • A) It is formed before fertilization.
  • B) It provides nourishment to the developing embryo.
  • C) It is part of the male reproductive organ.
  • D) It is derived from the egg cell.

Answer: B
Explanation: The endosperm provides nourishment to the developing embryo during seed development.

22. The ovary of a flower develops into:

  • A) Seed
  • B) Fruit
  • C) Pollen
  • D) Embryo

Answer: B
Explanation: After fertilization, the ovary of the flower develops into fruit, and the ovules become seeds.

23. The pollen tube is formed as a result of:

  • A) Fertilization
  • B) Pollination
  • C) Pollen germination
  • D) Seed dispersal

Answer: C
Explanation: The pollen tube is formed when the pollen grain germinates on the stigma.

24. The term 'double fertilization' in plants refers to:

  • A) The fertilization of two separate plants
  • B) The fertilization of two ovules
  • C) One male gamete fuses with the egg cell and the other fuses with two polar nuclei
  • D) The fertilization of two male gametes

Answer: C
Explanation: Double fertilization in plants involves the fusion of one male gamete with the egg cell and the other male gamete with two polar nuclei, forming the endosperm.

25. The structure that gives rise to the seed coat in plants is the:

  • A) Ovule
  • B) Style
  • C) Pollen grain
  • D) Endosperm

Answer: A
Explanation: The ovule gives rise to the seed coat after fertilization.

26. The process by which the pollen tube enters the ovule is known as:

  • A) Germination
  • B) Pollination
  • C) Penetration
  • D) Fertilization

Answer: C
Explanation: The process by which the pollen tube enters the ovule is called penetration, which allows the male gamete to reach the egg cell.

27. The phenomenon where a flower contains both male and female reproductive organs is known as:

  • A) Monoecious
  • B) Dioecious
  • C) Hermaphroditic
  • D) Homogamous

Answer: C
Explanation: A flower containing both male and female reproductive organs is called hermaphroditic.

28. Which of the following is a characteristic of bisexual flowers?

  • A) They contain only male or female organs.
  • B) They are found only in male plants.
  • C) They contain both stamens and pistils.
  • D) They require cross-pollination.

Answer: C
Explanation: Bisexual flowers contain both stamens (male organs) and pistils (female organs), making them capable of self-pollination or cross-pollination.

29. In the process of pollination, the pollen grain is transferred from the anther to the stigma by:

  • A) Wind
  • B) Water
  • C) Animals
  • D) All of the above

Answer: D
Explanation: Pollen grains can be transferred by wind, water, or animals, depending on the plant species.

30. Which of the following is not a pollinating agent?

  • A) Bees
  • B) Wind
  • C) Birds
  • D) Roots

Answer: D
Explanation: Roots are not involved in pollination. Pollinating agents include bees, wind, and birds.

31. In flowering plants, a flower's androecium consists of:

  • A) Stigma, style, ovary
  • B) Anther and filament
  • C) Ovary and ovule
  • D) Petal and sepal

Answer: B
Explanation: The androecium consists of the male reproductive organs: anther and filament.

32. Which part of the flower develops into the seed after fertilization?

  • A) Ovary
  • B) Stigma
  • C) Ovule
  • D) Style

Answer: C
Explanation: The ovule develops into the seed after fertilization.

33. The protective covering around a seed is called:

  • A) Cotyledon
  • B) Seed coat
  • C) Endosperm
  • D) Plumule

Answer: B
Explanation: The seed coat is the protective covering around the seed.

34. Which of the following is true regarding self-pollination?

  • A) It occurs between two different flowers of the same plant.
  • B) It always requires external pollinating agents.
  • C) It involves the transfer of pollen within the same flower or between flowers of the same plant.
  • D) It results in hybrid vigor.

Answer: C
Explanation: Self-pollination occurs when pollen from the same flower or different flowers of the same plant is transferred to the stigma.

35. The term used for the union of two male gametes with two polar nuclei during double fertilization is:

  • A) Syngamy
  • B) Triple fusion
  • C) Zygote formation
  • D) Gametogenesis

Answer: B
Explanation: Triple fusion is the process where one male gamete fuses with two polar nuclei, forming the endosperm.

36. Which of the following is not a feature of cross-pollination?

  • A) Increased genetic variation
  • B) Requires two different plants
  • C) Involves the fusion of male and female gametes of the same flower
  • D) Relies on external pollinators

Answer: C
Explanation: Cross-pollination involves the transfer of pollen between different plants, not the same flower.

37. In dicot seeds, the food reserves are stored in the:

  • A) Endosperm
  • B) Cotyledons
  • C) Embryo
  • D) Seed coat

Answer: B
Explanation: In dicot seeds, the food reserves are stored in the cotyledons.

38. The term used for the fusion of male and female gametes is:

  • A) Germination
  • B) Fertilization
  • C) Pollination
  • D) Embryogenesis

Answer: B
Explanation: Fertilization is the process where the male and female gametes fuse to form a zygote.

39. Which of the following occurs first in the process of fertilization?

  • A) Formation of zygote
  • B) Formation of pollen tube
  • C) Formation of endosperm
  • D) Germination of pollen grain

Answer: D
Explanation: The germination of the pollen grain on the stigma is the first step in fertilization.

40. In which part of the flower does the development of the pollen grain occur?

  • A) Stigma
  • B) Ovary
  • C) Anther
  • D) Style

Answer: C
Explanation: Pollen grain develops in the anther of the flower.

41. The number of male gametes in the pollen grain is:

  • A) One
  • B) Two
  • C) Three
  • D) Four

Answer: A
Explanation: The pollen grain contains two male gametes, one for fertilizing the egg and one for forming the endosperm.

42. The formation of a pollen tube after pollination is initiated by:

  • A) Water
  • B) Heat
  • C) Pollen grain
  • D) Stigma

Answer: C
Explanation: The pollen grain absorbs moisture and germinates on the stigma, forming the pollen tube.

43. Which of the following is true for monocot seeds?

  • A) They have two cotyledons.
  • B) The cotyledons store food.
  • C) The endosperm stores food.
  • D) The seed coat is soft.

Answer: C
Explanation: In monocot seeds, the endosperm stores food, unlike dicots where food is stored in cotyledons.

44. Which of the following is an example of a parthenocarpic fruit?

  • A) Banana
  • B) Mango
  • C) Apple
  • D) Grapes

Answer: A
Explanation: Banana is an example of a parthenocarpic fruit, which develops without fertilization, producing seedless fruits.

45. Which of the following agents is most commonly involved in pollination in a flower like sunflower?

  • A) Wind
  • B) Water
  • C) Insects
  • D) Birds

Answer: A
Explanation: Sunflowers are predominantly pollinated by wind (anemophily).

46. The development of a fruit without fertilization is called:

  • A) Apomixis
  • B) Parthenogenesis
  • C) Parthenocarpy
  • D) Germination

Answer: C
Explanation: Parthenocarpy is the development of fruit without fertilization, resulting in seedless fruits.

47. In which of the following plant groups does pollination take place through water?

  • A) Angiosperms
  • B) Gymnosperms
  • C) Aquatic plants
  • D) Mosses

Answer: C
Explanation: In aquatic plants, pollination occurs through water (hydrophily).

48. The first stage of seed development after fertilization is the formation of:

  • A) Zygote
  • B) Embryo
  • C) Seed coat
  • D) Endosperm

Answer: B
Explanation: After fertilization, the zygote develops into the embryo, which is the first stage of seed development.

49. In dicot plants, the embryo consists of:

  • A) One cotyledon
  • B) Two cotyledons
  • C) Endosperm
  • D) Hypocotyl only

Answer: B
Explanation: In dicot plants, the embryo typically consists of two cotyledons.

50. Which of the following structures is responsible for the protection of the ovule during fertilization?

  • A) Style
  • B) Ovary
  • C) Integuments
  • D) Pistil

Answer: C
Explanation: The integuments surrounding the ovule protect it during fertilization.