Answer: B
Explanation: Lactic acid bacteria in the human
intestine help in digestion and produce essential vitamins. This is an example
of a mutualistic relationship.
Answer: A
Explanation: Escherichia coli is genetically
modified to produce insulin used in treating diabetes.
Answer: B
Explanation: Streptococcus thermophilus is
used in the fermentation of milk to make curd by producing lactic acid.
Answer: B
Explanation: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's
yeast) is used in the fermentation of sugars to produce alcohol.
Answer: B
Explanation: Penicillium notatum is the source
of the antibiotic penicillin.
Answer: A
Explanation: Rhizobium bacteria fix
atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use, enriching the soil with
nitrogen.
Answer: B
Explanation: Acetobacter is used in the
production of vinegar through the fermentation of ethanol.
Answer: A
Explanation: Pseudomonas species are used for
the bioremediation of oil spills by degrading hydrocarbons in
the oil.
Answer: A
Explanation: Methanogens are archaea that
produce methane (biogas) by breaking down organic matter in
anaerobic conditions.
Answer: A
Explanation: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)
is used in the production of bread by fermenting sugars to
produce carbon dioxide, which causes the dough to rise.
Answer: A
Explanation: Rhizobium is responsible for
nitrogen fixation in legumes by converting atmospheric nitrogen
into ammonia.
Answer: B
Explanation: Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
is used in the production of ethanol through fermentation.
Answer: C
Explanation: Mucor is used in the production
of rennin, an enzyme used in cheese-making.
Answer: B
Explanation: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, like
Rhizobium, convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms like ammonia
that plants can absorb and use.
Answer: C
Explanation: Streptomyces is a genus of
bacteria used to produce several antibiotics, including streptomycin.
Answer: B
Explanation: Rhizobium is used as a
biofertilizer because it fixes nitrogen in the soil, which is
beneficial for plants.
Answer: C
Explanation: Propionibacterium is used in the
production of vitamin B12, particularly in the fermentation
process.
Answer: A
Explanation: Aspergillus niger is used for the
industrial production of citric acid through fermentation of
sugars.
Answer: A
Explanation: Bacillus thuringiensis is a
bacterium used as a biocontrol agent to control pests by
producing toxins harmful to insects.
Answer: B
Explanation: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's
yeast) is used in beer fermentation to convert sugars into
ethanol.
Answer: C
Explanation: Fungi and bacteria
are primarily responsible for the decomposition of organic matter, recycling
nutrients back into the ecosystem.
Answer: A
Explanation: Rhizobium is a type of
biofertilizer that fixes nitrogen in leguminous plants,
improving soil fertility.
Answer: B
Explanation: The fungus Penicillium notatum is
used to produce the antibiotic penicillin.
Answer: A
Explanation: Streptococcus thermophilus is
used in the fermentation of milk to produce lactic acid, which
is key in the formation of curd.
Answer: A
Explanation: Microorganisms are used in the production of
antibiotics such as penicillin, which are
beneficial for human health.
Answer: B
Explanation: Methanogens are archaea that
produce methane (biogas) by degrading organic matter in
anaerobic conditions, such as in sewage treatment plants.
Answer: A
Explanation: Bacillus thuringiensis produces
toxins that specifically kill caterpillar pests, making it a natural
biocontrol agent.
Answer: C
Explanation: Mucor is used for the production
of rennet, an enzyme used in the curdling of milk to make
cheese.
Answer: A
Explanation: Nitrosomonas is involved in the
nitrification process, where it converts ammonia into
nitrates, making nitrogen available to plants.
Answer: A
Explanation: The first step in the nitrogen cycle is
nitrogen fixation, where nitrogen-fixing bacteria like
Rhizobium convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia.
Answer: A
Explanation: Pseudomonas species are used in
bioremediation to break down hydrocarbons in oil spills, making
the process of cleaning up oil contamination more efficient.
Answer: B
Explanation: Lactobacillus is used in the
fermentation of sugars to produce lactic acid,
which is used in food processing (like yogurt production).
Answer: A
Explanation: Aspergillus niger is used in the
industrial production of citric acid, which is widely used in
food processing.
Answer: B
Explanation: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s
yeast) is commonly used in the fermentation process to produce alcoholic
beverages like beer and wine.
Answer: A
Explanation: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s
yeast) is used in brewing to ferment sugars into alcohol and
carbon dioxide.
Answer: C
Explanation: Actinomycetes are microorganisms
involved in the decomposition of plant material, breaking down complex organic
substances into simpler compounds in composting.
Answer: B
Explanation: Streptomyces is the bacterium
used for producing several antibiotics, including tetracycline.
Answer: A
Explanation: Bacillus thuringiensis is used in
biocontrol to manage pests by producing a toxin harmful to
insects.
Answer: A
Explanation: Methanogens are used in the
production of biogas (a form of biofuel) from organic waste.
Answer: D
Explanation: Rhizobium and Azotobacter
are bacteria that fix nitrogen, converting atmospheric nitrogen into
ammonia, a form that plants can absorb and use.
Answer: A
Explanation: Pseudomonas species are used in
bioremediation to degrade synthetic pollutants, including
hydrocarbons and other organic contaminants.
Answer: C
Explanation: Escherichia coli has been
genetically engineered to produce insulin for the treatment of
diabetes.
Answer: A
Explanation: Streptomyces is a genus of
bacteria that produces several antibiotics like streptomycin,
tetracycline, and others.
Answer: C
Explanation: Ruminococcus is a bacterium that
helps degrade cellulose in the rumen of ruminants, enabling them to digest plant
material.
Answer: A
Explanation: Penicillium notatum is a fungus
that produces penicillin, one of the most famous antibiotics.
Answer: B
Explanation: Acetobacter is used to convert
alcohol into acetic acid, which is used in the production of
vinegar.
Answer: C
Explanation: Anabaena, a cyanobacterium, is
used in the production of azolla, which is a biofertilizer for
rice paddies.
Answer: A
Explanation: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used
in the production of bioethanol, a type of biofuel, through
fermentation.
Answer: A
Explanation: Methanogens are used in
sewage treatment processes to break down organic matter and produce
biogas.
Answer: A
Explanation: Lactobacillus is used to ferment
milk and produce lactic acid, which helps form curd.