ROUTERA


Chapter 1 Reproduction in organisms

Class 12th Biology Chapter MCQs


1. Which of the following is a feature of sexual reproduction?

  • A) It is asexual and does not involve gametes
  • B) It involves the fusion of male and female gametes
  • C) It does not lead to offspring
  • D) Offspring are identical to the parent

Answer: B
Explanation: Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes, leading to the formation of offspring with genetic material from both parents.


2. The development of a new individual from a part of the body of the parent organism is called:

  • A) Budding
  • B) Fragmentation
  • C) Vegetative reproduction
  • D) Parthenogenesis

Answer: A
Explanation: Budding is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from a bud or outgrowth on the parent organism.


3. In which of the following organisms does external fertilization occur?

  • A) Birds
  • B) Fishes
  • C) Mammals
  • D) Amphibians

Answer: B
Explanation: In fishes, external fertilization occurs when the male releases sperm over the eggs released by the female in the water.


4. In which of the following processes does an organism reproduce by the division of the body into two or more parts?

  • A) Binary fission
  • B) Fragmentation
  • C) Budding
  • D) Spore formation

Answer: B
Explanation: Fragmentation is a form of asexual reproduction where an organism's body breaks into fragments, each of which grows into a new individual.


5. The gametes produced in sexual reproduction are:

  • A) Diploid
  • B) Haploid
  • C) Polyploid
  • D) Tetraploid

Answer: B
Explanation: Gametes (sperm and egg) are haploid cells, meaning they contain half the number of chromosomes of the parent organism.


6. What is the term for asexual reproduction in plants where a new plant is developed from a part of the parent plant, such as in potato or ginger?

  • A) Budding
  • B) Fragmentation
  • C) Vegetative propagation
  • D) Spore formation

Answer: C
Explanation: Vegetative propagation is a type of asexual reproduction where new plants grow from parts of the parent plant, such as stems, leaves, or roots.


7. Which of the following is true for parthenogenesis?

  • A) It involves fertilization of the egg cell by a male gamete.
  • B) It is a form of asexual reproduction that produces offspring from unfertilized eggs.
  • C) It is exclusive to mammals.
  • D) It involves the division of a single organism into multiple parts.

Answer: B
Explanation: Parthenogenesis is a type of asexual reproduction where offspring are produced from unfertilized eggs, without the involvement of male gametes.


8. Which of the following organisms exhibits binary fission?

  • A) Yeast
  • B) Hydra
  • C) Amoeba
  • D) Mushroom

Answer: C
Explanation: Amoeba reproduces by binary fission, where the cell divides into two identical daughter cells.


9. Which of the following occurs in both male and female reproductive systems in humans?

  • A) Production of gametes
  • B) Fertilization
  • C) Zygote formation
  • D) External fertilization

Answer: A
Explanation: Both males and females produce gametes (sperm and eggs, respectively) for sexual reproduction.


10. Which of the following is not a method of asexual reproduction?

  • A) Binary fission
  • B) Budding
  • C) Spore formation
  • D) Fertilization

Answer: D
Explanation: Fertilization is a sexual reproduction process where gametes combine to form a zygote, not a method of asexual reproduction.


11. The primary function of the male reproductive system is to:

  • A) Produce gametes
  • B) Support embryo development
  • C) Provide nourishment to the embryo
  • D) Protect the embryo

Answer: A
Explanation: The primary function of the male reproductive system is to produce and deliver sperm, which are the male gametes.


12. Which of the following is a characteristic of oviparous organisms?

  • A) Young ones are born alive.
  • B) Eggs are laid outside the body where development occurs.
  • C) They do not have internal fertilization.
  • D) They have internal development of the embryo.

Answer: B
Explanation: Oviparous organisms lay eggs outside the body where development occurs, such as birds and reptiles.


13. In which of the following does the male gamete (sperm) play no role in the formation of the zygote?

  • A) Sexual reproduction
  • B) Vegetative propagation
  • C) External fertilization
  • D) Internal fertilization

Answer: B
Explanation: In vegetative propagation, the formation of a new plant does not involve the male gamete, as new plants grow from parts of the parent plant.


14. Which part of the flower is responsible for the production of male gametes?

  • A) Ovary
  • B) Stigma
  • C) Anther
  • D) Style

Answer: C
Explanation: The anther produces pollen, which contains male gametes (sperm cells) in flowering plants.


15. Which of the following is true about external fertilization?

  • A) It is a form of fertilization that takes place inside the body.
  • B) Eggs and sperm meet outside the female body.
  • C) It occurs only in mammals.
  • D) It requires the presence of a placenta.

Answer: B
Explanation: In external fertilization, eggs and sperm meet outside the female body, as seen in fishes and amphibians.


16. Which of the following organisms exhibits external fertilization?

  • A) Cockroach
  • B) Frog
  • C) Elephant
  • D) Whale

Answer: B
Explanation: Frogs are examples of organisms that exhibit external fertilization, where the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them outside the body.


17. In humans, fertilization usually occurs in the:

  • A) Ovary
  • B) Uterus
  • C) Fallopian tube
  • D) Vagina

Answer: C
Explanation: In humans, fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube, where the sperm meets the egg.


18. Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction?

  • A) It allows for genetic variation.
  • B) It requires two organisms.
  • C) It can occur rapidly.
  • D) It increases genetic diversity.

Answer: C
Explanation: Asexual reproduction allows for rapid population increase, as only one organism is needed for reproduction.


19. Which of the following is not a method of asexual reproduction?

  • A) Binary fission
  • B) Regeneration
  • C) Budding
  • D) Pollination

Answer: D
Explanation: Pollination is a process involved in sexual reproduction, not a method of asexual reproduction.


20. In which of the following organisms does regeneration occur?

  • A) Planaria
  • B) Earthworm
  • C) Human
  • D) Bird

Answer: A
Explanation: Planaria can regenerate lost parts of their body, a form of asexual reproduction.


21. The process in which an organism develops from an unfertilized egg is called:

  • A) Budding
  • B) Parthenogenesis
  • C) Fragmentation
  • D) Spore formation

Answer: B
Explanation: Parthenogenesis is a type of asexual reproduction where an organism develops from an unfertilized egg.


22. Which of the following is a characteristic of viviparous organisms?

  • A) Development of the embryo outside the mother's body
  • B) Birth of young ones without the involvement of eggs
  • C) Internal fertilization but no development of the embryo
  • D) No parental care is provided to offspring

Answer: B
Explanation: Viviparous organisms give birth to live young, with internal fertilization and development inside the mother's body.


23. The process by which a single-celled organism divides into two equal daughter cells is called:

  • A) Budding
  • B) Fragmentation
  • C) Binary fission
  • D) Spore formation

Answer: C
Explanation: Binary fission is the process in which a single-celled organism divides into two identical daughter cells.


24. Which of the following is true for external fertilization?

  • A) It occurs inside the body of the female.
  • B) It requires a water medium.
  • C) It is only found in mammals.
  • D) Eggs are fertilized before being laid.

Answer: B
Explanation: External fertilization typically occurs in aquatic environments where both eggs and sperm are released into the water.


25. In which of the following organisms does ovoviviparity occur?

  • A) Birds
  • B) Sharks
  • C) Amphibians
  • D) Reptiles

Answer: B
Explanation: Ovoviviparity occurs in sharks, where the eggs develop inside the female’s body and the young are born live.


26. Which structure in the human male reproductive system produces sperm?

  • A) Prostate gland
  • B) Seminal vesicle
  • C) Testes
  • D) Urethra

Answer: C
Explanation: The testes are responsible for producing sperm in males.


27. Which of the following statements about gametogenesis is false?

  • A) Spermatogenesis results in the production of four sperm cells.
  • B) Oogenesis results in the production of one functional egg cell.
  • C) Gametogenesis involves meiotic division.
  • D) Both male and female gametes are diploid.

Answer: D
Explanation: Gametes are haploid, not diploid, as they contain half the number of chromosomes of the parent organism.


28. The female reproductive organ in flowering plants is called:

  • A) Anther
  • B) Stigma
  • C) Ovary
  • D) Style

Answer: C
Explanation: The ovary is the female reproductive organ in flowering plants, which contains the ovules.


29. In the alternation of generations, the haploid generation is known as the:

  • A) Gametophyte
  • B) Sporophyte
  • C) Embryo
  • D) Zygote

Answer: A
Explanation: The haploid generation is the gametophyte, which produces gametes.


30. In human reproduction, the implantation of the embryo occurs in the:

  • A) Ovary
  • B) Uterus
  • C) Fallopian tube
  • D) Cervix

Answer: B
Explanation: In humans, after fertilization, the embryo implants itself in the lining of the uterus for further development.


31. Which of the following occurs during oogenesis?

  • A) Formation of one haploid egg and polar bodies
  • B) Formation of four haploid eggs
  • C) Only one egg is formed, and no polar bodies are produced
  • D) Multiple eggs are formed, and all are functional

Answer: A
Explanation: Oogenesis involves the formation of one functional haploid egg and polar bodies, which are non-functional.


32. Which of the following statements about human sperm is false?

  • A) The sperm has a head, neck, and tail.
  • B) The sperm head contains mitochondria for energy.
  • C) The sperm carries the male's genetic material.
  • D) The sperm’s tail helps it to swim towards the egg.

Answer: B
Explanation: The sperm’s head contains the nucleus with genetic material, and the mitochondria are found in the neck region, providing energy for the sperm’s movement.


33. In which part of the female reproductive system does fertilization take place in humans?

  • A) Ovary
  • B) Uterus
  • C) Fallopian tube
  • D) Vagina

Answer: C
Explanation: In humans, fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube, where the sperm meets the egg.


34. Which of the following structures is involved in the production of gametes in human males?

  • A) Urethra
  • B) Seminal vesicle
  • C) Testes
  • D) Prostate gland

Answer: C
Explanation: The testes are the male reproductive organs responsible for the production of sperm (male gametes).


35. Which of the following is the primary function of the corpus luteum in the human female reproductive system?

  • A) Production of estrogen and progesterone
  • B) Maturation of egg cells
  • C) Secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
  • D) Storage of ova

Answer: A
Explanation: After ovulation, the corpus luteum secretes hormones like estrogen and progesterone, which maintain the uterine lining for possible pregnancy.


36. The term ‘pollination’ refers to:

  • A) Transfer of pollen from the male to the female part of the plant
  • B) Fusion of male and female gametes in the plant
  • C) The development of seeds
  • D) Germination of pollen grains

Answer: A
Explanation: Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma of a flower, leading to fertilization.


37. Which of the following types of asexual reproduction involves the regeneration of lost body parts?

  • A) Binary fission
  • B) Budding
  • C) Regeneration
  • D) Spore formation

Answer: C
Explanation: Regeneration involves the growth of new parts of the body from fragments or lost parts of an organism.


38. What is the ploidy of the zygote formed after fertilization?

  • A) Haploid
  • B) Diploid
  • C) Triploid
  • D) Tetraploid

Answer: B
Explanation: The zygote is diploid, as it results from the fusion of two haploid gametes, one from each parent.


39. Which of the following structures in a flower produces pollen?

  • A) Pistil
  • B) Stigma
  • C) Anther
  • D) Style

Answer: C
Explanation: The anther is part of the male reproductive organ (stamen) in a flower and is responsible for producing pollen grains.


40. Which of the following organisms undergoes parthenogenesis?

  • A) Human
  • B) Honeybee
  • C) Frog
  • D) Lizard

Answer: B
Explanation: In honeybees, parthenogenesis is observed where unfertilized eggs develop into males (drones), and fertilized eggs develop into females (workers or queens).


41. Which of the following statements about human fertilization is true?

  • A) Fertilization occurs in the uterus.
  • B) The sperm fertilizes the egg in the fallopian tube.
  • C) The zygote is formed in the ovary.
  • D) Fertilization occurs after the egg is implanted in the uterus.

Answer: B
Explanation: In humans, fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube, where the sperm meets the egg.


42. Which of the following methods is used by plants for vegetative propagation?

  • A) Budding
  • B) Rooting of stem cuttings
  • C) Binary fission
  • D) Regeneration

Answer: B
Explanation: Rooting of stem cuttings is a method of vegetative propagation where a new plant grows from a part of the parent plant.


43. In which of the following organisms does internal fertilization occur?

  • A) Frog
  • B) Fish
  • C) Human
  • D) Snail

Answer: C
Explanation: Internal fertilization occurs in humans, where sperm is deposited inside the female reproductive tract, and fertilization takes place within the body.


44. The male gamete in plants is called:

  • A) Ovule
  • B) Egg
  • C) Pollen grain
  • D) Anther

Answer: C
Explanation: The male gamete in plants is contained in the pollen grain, which fertilizes the ovule to form seeds.


45. The process of binary fission results in:

  • A) Two genetically identical daughter cells
  • B) Formation of spores
  • C) A new organism growing from the parent
  • D) Bud formation

Answer: A
Explanation: Binary fission is an asexual reproduction method where a single organism divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.


46. The structure that connects the fetus to the placenta in humans is called:

  • A) Uterus
  • B) Amniotic sac
  • C) Umbilical cord
  • D) Fallopian tube

Answer: C
Explanation: The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta and allows the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products.


47. Which of the following types of reproduction occurs in Hydra?

  • A) Binary fission
  • B) Budding
  • C) Fragmentation
  • D) Spore formation

Answer: B
Explanation: Hydra reproduces through budding, where a new individual develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism.


48. In which of the following organisms does external fertilization occur in terrestrial conditions?

  • A) Frogs
  • B) Birds
  • C) Fish
  • D) Mammals

Answer: A
Explanation: Frogs reproduce via external fertilization, where eggs and sperm meet outside the female body in an aquatic environment.


49. Which of the following is true about spores?

  • A) They are produced by all sexually reproducing organisms.
  • B) They are diploid cells that grow into new organisms.
  • C) They are asexual reproductive bodies produced in certain plants and fungi.
  • D) They require fertilization to grow into new organisms.

Answer: C
Explanation: Spores are asexual reproductive bodies produced by some plants and fungi that can grow into new organisms without fertilization.


50. The fertilized egg in humans is called:

  • A) Zygote
  • B) Morula
  • C) Blastocyst
  • D) Embryo

Answer: A
Explanation: The fertilized egg in humans is called a zygote, which undergoes further divisions to form the morula, blastocyst, and eventually the embryo.