ROUTERA


Moving Charges and Magnetism

Class 12th Physics Chapter Case Study


Case Study 1: Force on a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field

A charged particle, such as an electron or a proton, moving with a velocity v enters a magnetic field B at an angle \(\theta\) . The magnetic force F acting on the particle can be calculated using the formula:

\(\ F = qvB \sin \theta \)

where qqq is the charge of the particle. The direction of the force can be determined using the right-hand rule.

Questions:

  1. The magnetic force on a charged particle is zero when:
    • a) It is at rest
    • b) It moves parallel to the magnetic field
    • c) It moves perpendicular to the magnetic field
    • d) None of the above
  2. If the charge of the particle is doubled, the magnetic force will:
    • a) Remain the same
    • b) Double
    • c) Triple
    • d) Quadruple
  3. What is the angle that results in maximum magnetic force on a charged particle?
    • a) 0°
    • b) 30°
    • c) 90°
    • d) 180°
  4. The right-hand rule helps determine:
    • a) The direction of velocity
    • b) The direction of magnetic force
    • c) The direction of magnetic field
    • d) The magnitude of force

Answers:

  1. b) It moves parallel to the magnetic field
  2. b) Double
  3. c) 90°
  4. b) The direction of magnetic force

Case Study 2: Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field

A charged particle enters a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to its velocity. The particle experiences a magnetic force and undergoes circular motion due to this force. The radius of the circular path rrr can be determined using the formula:

\(\ r = \frac{mv}{qB}\)​

where mmm is the mass of the particle, v is its velocity, q is the charge, and B is the magnetic field strength.

Questions:

  1. In a uniform magnetic field, a charged particle moving in a circular path indicates:
    • a) The force is constant in magnitude and direction
    • b) The magnetic field is increasing
    • c) The speed of the particle is changing
    • d) The mass of the particle is variable
  2. If the magnetic field strength is increased while keeping the velocity constant, the radius of the circular path will:
    • a) Increase
    • b) Decrease
    • c) Remain the same
    • d) Become zero
  3. The frequency of the circular motion of the charged particle is given by:
    • a) \(\ f = \frac{qB}{2\pi m}\)​
    • b) \(\ f = \frac{mv}{qB}\)​
    • c) \(\ f = \frac{B}{q} \)​
    • d) \(\ f = \frac{q}{m}\)​
  4. The centripetal force required for circular motion in this scenario is provided by:
    • a) Gravitational force
    • b) Electric force
    • c) Magnetic force
    • d) Frictional force

Answers:

  1. a) The force is constant in magnitude and direction
  2. b) Decrease
  3. a) \(\ f = \frac{qB}{2\pi m}\)
  4. c) Magnetic force

Case Study 3: Motion of Charged Particles in Electric and Magnetic Fields

When a charged particle moves through a region where both electric field E and magnetic field B are present, it experiences forces from both fields. The net force F on the particle can be expressed as:

\(\ F = qE + qvB \sin \theta\)

where \(\theta\) is the angle between the velocity and the magnetic field.

Questions:

  1. If the electric field is directed opposite to the magnetic force, the charged particle will:
    • a) Accelerate
    • b) Move at constant velocity
    • c) Come to rest
    • d) Change direction
  2. The condition for a charged particle to move undeflected in both electric and magnetic fields is:
    • a)\(\ E=B \)
    • b)\(\ E=vB \)
    • c) \(\ F_E = 0\)
    • d) \(\ F_B = 0 \)
  3. What happens to the particle's velocity when the electric field is increased?
    • a) Decreases
    • b) Increases
    • c) Remains the same
    • d) Becomes zero
  4. The angle \(\theta \) affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. What is the maximum value of the magnetic force?
    • a) \(\ qvB \)
    • b) 0
    • c)\(\ qB \)
    • d)\(\ qv \)

Answers:

  1. b) Move at constant velocity
  2. b)\(\ E=vB \)
  3. b) Increases
  4. a) \(\ qvB \)

Case Study 4: Biot-Savart Law

The Biot-Savart Law describes the magnetic field B generated by a current-carrying conductor. The law states that the magnetic field at a point in space is directly proportional to the current I and inversely proportional to the square of the distance rrr from the wire:

\(\ B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{4\pi r^2}\)​

where μ0\mu_0μ0​ is the permeability of free space.

Questions:

  1. The magnetic field around a straight current-carrying conductor is:
    • a) Uniform
    • b) Radial
    • c) Circular
    • d) Linear
  2. According to the Biot-Savart Law, if the distance from the wire is halved, the magnetic field will:
    • a) Halve
    • b) Double
    • c) Quadruple
    • d) Remain the same
  3. If the current in a wire is increased, the magnetic field strength will:
    • a) Decrease
    • b) Increase
    • c) Remain the same
    • d) Become zero
  4. The direction of the magnetic field around a straight conductor can be determined using:
    • a) Right-hand rule
    • b) Left-hand rule
    • c) Ampere's law
    • d) Faraday's law

Answers:

  1. c) Circular
  2. c) Quadruple
  3. b) Increase
  4. a) Right-hand rule

Case Study 5: Ampere's Circuital Law

Ampere's Circuital Law relates the integrated magnetic field around a closed loop to the electric current passing through the loop. The law is mathematically expressed as:

\(\ \mathbf{B} \cdot d\mathbf{l} = \mu_0 I_{enc} \)

where \(\ I_{enc}\) is the current enclosed by the path.

Questions:

  1. Ampere's Circuital Law is useful for finding:
    • a) The electric field
    • b) The magnetic field
    • c) The resistance
    • d) The capacitance
  2. If no current is enclosed by the loop, the line integral of the magnetic field is:
    • a) Zero
    • b) Positive
    • c) Negative
    • d) Undefined
  3. The permeability of free space μ0\mu_0μ0​ has a value of approximately:
    • a) \(\ 4\pi \times 10^{-7} \, \text{T m/A}\)
    • b) \(\ 8.85 \times 10^{-12} \, \text{F/m}\)
    • c) \(\ 9 \times 10^9 \, \text{Nm}^2/\text{C} \)
    • d) \(\ 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{C}\)
  4. Ampere's Circuital Law can be used to calculate the magnetic field inside a:
    • a) Straight conductor
    • b) Solenoid
    • c) Capacitor
    • d) Resistor

Answers:

  1. b) The magnetic field
  2. a) Zero
  3. a) \(\ 4\pi \times 10^{-7} \, \text{Tm/A}\)
  4. b) Solenoid