In India, the Green Revolution led to significant improvements in crop yields, especially in staple crops like wheat and rice. The development of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) was one of the key aspects of this revolution. Crossbreeding of traditional varieties with superior varieties helped produce seeds that were more resistant to diseases, pests, and environmental stresses. For instance, hybrid varieties of wheat, such as Kalyan Sona and Sonora 64, were developed for high productivity.
High-yielding varieties (HYVs) were developed by crossbreeding to achieve:
Answer: D) All of the above
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of high-yielding varieties (HYVs)?
Answer: D) Reduced pesticide use
The process of creating hybrid varieties involves:
Answer: B) Crossbreeding of genetically distinct varieties
Which of the following crops was significantly improved during the Green Revolution in India?
Answer: B) Rice
Dr. Sharma, an animal breeder, was working on improving the milk yield of a specific breed of cattle. She employed in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques, where the sperm from a superior male cow was used to fertilize the eggs of a female cow in a laboratory. The fertilized eggs were then implanted into surrogate mothers, resulting in calves with desirable traits like high milk production and disease resistance.
In vitro fertilization (IVF) in animal breeding primarily helps in:
Answer: B) Enhancing desirable traits in animals
Which of the following is a major advantage of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in livestock breeding?
Answer: B) Control over reproductive processes
What is the primary goal of artificial insemination (AI) in animal breeding?
Answer: A) To produce genetically superior offspring
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of genetic improvement in animals through methods like IVF and AI?
Answer: D) Increased biodiversity in animal populations
In recent years, genetically modified (GM) crops have gained attention due to their potential to increase food production. One such example is Bt cotton, which has been genetically engineered to express a protein from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. This protein acts as an insecticide, protecting the cotton plants from pests like the cotton bollworm. Farmers growing Bt cotton have reported a reduction in the use of chemical pesticides.
The Bt gene used in genetically modified crops like Bt cotton is derived from:
Answer: B) A bacterium
Bt cotton has been engineered to:
Answer: B) Produce an insecticidal protein
Which of the following is a major advantage of growing genetically modified crops like Bt cotton?
Answer: C) Reduced reliance on chemical pesticides
A concern regarding the widespread adoption of GM crops is:
Answer: B) Potential environmental impact
In coastal regions, the practice of aquaculture has been gaining popularity for increasing fish production. Farmers cultivate fish species like shrimp and tilapia in controlled environments such as ponds or tanks. These systems allow for better control over water quality, food supply, and disease management. However, there are concerns about the environmental impact of intensive aquaculture, including water pollution and the spread of diseases to wild fish populations.
Aquaculture is primarily aimed at increasing the production of:
Answer: C) Fish and other aquatic organisms
Which of the following is NOT a common concern associated with intensive aquaculture?
Answer: C) Improved fish quality
The controlled environment in aquaculture helps in:
Answer: A) Reducing the risk of diseases
Which of the following is a popular fish species farmed in aquaculture systems?
Answer: D) Both A and C
In agricultural fields, integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are used to control pest populations. These strategies combine biological, chemical, and cultural methods. For example, natural predators, such as ladybugs, are introduced to control aphid populations, while chemical pesticides are used sparingly. Farmers also practice crop rotation and use resistant crop varieties to reduce pest build-up.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) includes which of the following methods?
Answer: B) Biological, chemical, and cultural methods
Which of the following is an example of a biological control method in IPM?
Answer: B) Introducing natural predators like ladybugs
The practice of crop rotation helps control pests by:
Answer: B) Reducing pest populations
One of the advantages of IPM is:
Answer: B) Reduced environmental impact of pesticides