Mr. Sharma, a 50-year-old man, had been leading a sedentary lifestyle for the past several years, consuming a high-fat diet, and smoking regularly. Recently, he was diagnosed with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. His doctor advised him to make lifestyle changes, such as adopting a balanced diet, engaging in physical exercise, and reducing stress. Over time, Mr. Sharma noticed improvement in his health as his blood pressure and blood sugar levels became more manageable. These lifestyle changes helped reduce the need for medication.
Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension and type 2 diabetes in Mr. Sharma's case?
Answer: C) Smoking
Which of the following is NOT a recommended lifestyle change to manage hypertension and diabetes?
Answer: B) High-fat diet
Type 2 diabetes is primarily caused by:
Answer: B) Insulin resistance
Which of the following is a common consequence of untreated hypertension?
Answer: A) Heart attack
In a rural village, an outbreak of measles occurred, affecting a significant number of children. The local health authorities immediately conducted a vaccination campaign to prevent further spread of the disease. Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects children under the age of five. The vaccination program was successful, and new cases of measles declined significantly within weeks.
What is the causative agent of measles?
Answer: B) Virus
The primary method of preventing the spread of measles is:
Answer: B) Vaccination
Measles primarily affects which age group?
Answer: C) Children under five years
The measles vaccine is commonly administered as part of which combination vaccine?
Answer: A) MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella)
Ms. Kapoor, a 35-year-old woman, began experiencing joint pain, fatigue, and a butterfly-shaped rash on her face. After a series of tests, she was diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), a chronic autoimmune disease. In SLE, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues, causing inflammation and damage to various organs. Treatment for SLE involves immunosuppressive drugs and lifestyle modifications.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a type of:
Answer: B) Autoimmune disease
The immune system of an individual with SLE mistakenly attacks:
Answer: B) Body’s own tissues
The characteristic butterfly-shaped rash on the face of SLE patients is due to:
Answer: C) Inflammation due to the immune system attack
Which of the following is the primary treatment for SLE?
Answer: C) Immunosuppressive drugs
Mr. Rao, a 60-year-old man, had been experiencing persistent cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. After a series of medical tests, including a biopsy, he was diagnosed with lung cancer. The cancer cells were found to have spread to nearby tissues. He underwent chemotherapy and radiation therapy as part of his treatment plan. His doctors emphasized the importance of early detection in improving the chances of successful treatment.
Which of the following is the most common risk factor for lung cancer?
Answer: A) Smoking
The process of removing tissue to examine for cancer cells is known as:
Answer: B) Biopsy
Lung cancer is classified as:
Answer: D) A type of cancer
The main goal of chemotherapy in cancer treatment is to:
Answer: C) Kill or slow the growth of cancer cells
Mr. Patel, a 45-year-old man, had been experiencing frequent chest pain and shortness of breath, especially after physical exertion. Upon visiting his doctor, he was diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD), a condition where the blood vessels supplying the heart become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of cholesterol and other substances. His doctor recommended a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, and, in some cases, surgical interventions like angioplasty or bypass surgery.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) primarily results from:
Answer: C) Buildup of cholesterol and plaque in the arteries
A common treatment for CAD that involves using a balloon to widen a blocked artery is known as:
Answer: A) Angioplasty
A major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) is:
Answer: A) Smoking
Bypass surgery in CAD involves:
Answer: B) Replacing blocked arteries with grafts