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Electromagnetic Induction

Class 12th Physics Chapter Assertion and Reason


Assertion and Reason Questions Chapter-6 Electromagnetic Induction

Assertion (A) and other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the options as given below.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C. A is true, but R is false.

D. A is false, but R is true.


 

1. Assertion (A): Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor moves through a magnetic field.

Reason (R): The motion of the conductor changes the magnetic field around it.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (b)
    Explanation: While the assertion is true, the reason is not accurate. The change in magnetic flux due to the conductor's movement induces an emf, but it does not change the magnetic field itself.

2. Assertion (A): Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction states that the induced emf is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.

Reason (R): The magnetic flux can change due to the movement of the magnet or the coil.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Faraday's law quantifies how changes in magnetic flux, either from movement or changes in field strength, produce an emf.

3. Assertion (A): Lenz's law states that the direction of the induced current is such that it opposes the change that produced it.

Reason (R): This law is a consequence of the conservation of energy.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Lenz's law directly reflects the conservation of energy principle, ensuring that induced currents counteract changes in magnetic flux.

4. Assertion (A): Self-induction is the process where a changing current in a coil induces an emf in the same coil.

Reason (R): Self-induction depends on the rate of change of current in the coil.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Self-induction occurs due to the changing current, and its rate of change directly affects the induced emf.

5. Assertion (A): The induced emf in a coil is independent of the number of turns in the coil.

Reason (R): The induced emf is solely determined by the magnetic field strength.

  • (b) Both A and R are false.
  • Answer: (b)
    Explanation: Both statements are false; the induced emf is directly proportional to the number of turns in the coil, as stated in Faraday's law.

6. Assertion (A): A transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

Reason (R): It converts AC to DC voltage.

  • (b) Both A and R are false.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion is true because transformers operate on electromagnetic induction, while the reason is false as transformers convert AC to different AC voltage levels, not DC.

7. Assertion (A): The back emf in a motor reduces the current flowing through it.

Reason (R): Back emf opposes the applied voltage.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Back emf indeed opposes the applied voltage, reducing the net voltage across the motor and thereby limiting current.

8. Assertion (A): Induced emf can be generated by changing the area of a coil in a magnetic field.

Reason (R): Changing the area of a coil alters the magnetic flux through it.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The induced emf results from changes in magnetic flux, which can occur through area variation.

9. Assertion (A): A changing magnetic field can induce an electric field in a nearby conductor.

Reason (R): This phenomenon is known as electromagnetic induction.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason correctly describe electromagnetic induction.

10. Assertion (A): Eddy currents are induced currents that flow in loops within conductors.

Reason (R): Eddy currents produce their own magnetic fields that oppose the original magnetic field.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Eddy currents flow in closed loops, creating opposing magnetic fields, aligning with Lenz's law.

11. Assertion (A): The magnitude of induced emf increases with the speed of relative motion between the magnet and the coil.

Reason (R): Faster motion results in a greater change in magnetic flux over time.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion is true as increased speed leads to a more significant change in magnetic flux, inducing higher emf.

12. Assertion (A): The induced current in a closed loop creates a magnetic field.

Reason (R): The direction of this magnetic field can be determined using the right-hand grip rule.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The induced current generates a magnetic field, and the right-hand rule helps determine its direction.

13. Assertion (A): A moving magnet can induce current in a stationary coil.

Reason (R): This is due to a change in the magnetic flux through the coil.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason correctly describe the process of electromagnetic induction.

14. Assertion (A): Electromagnetic induction is a unidirectional phenomenon.

Reason (R): The direction of induced current depends on the direction of motion of the conductor.

  • (b) Both A and R are false.
  • Answer: (b)
    Explanation: The assertion is false as electromagnetic induction can occur in both directions depending on the change in magnetic flux.

15. Assertion (A): The efficiency of a transformer is defined as the ratio of output power to input power.

Reason (R): A transformer always operates at 100% efficiency.

  • (b) Both A and R are false.
  • Answer: (b)
    Explanation: The assertion is true, but the reason is false; transformers do not operate at 100% efficiency due to energy losses.

16. Assertion (A): The induced emf in a coil can be measured using a voltmeter.

Reason (R): A voltmeter is designed to measure the potential difference across the terminals of the coil.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason correctly describe how a voltmeter measures induced emf.

17. Assertion (A): The magnetic field lines around a current-carrying conductor are closed loops.

Reason (R): This is a fundamental property of magnetic fields.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason accurately describe the nature of magnetic fields surrounding conductors.

18. Assertion (A): Induction heating uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to generate heat.

Reason (R): Induction heating is efficient for cooking and industrial processes.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Induction heating operates on electromagnetic induction, making it efficient for various heating applications.

19. Assertion (A): The induced emf in a coil does not depend on the orientation of the coil in the magnetic field.

Reason (R): The magnetic field strength is uniform across all orientations.

  • (b) Both A and R are false.
  • Answer: (b)
    Explanation: The assertion is false; the orientation affects the magnetic flux, and thus the induced emf.

20. Assertion (A): A galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by adding a low-resistance shunt.

Reason (R): The shunt allows most of the current to bypass the galvanometer, preventing damage.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason correctly describe how a galvanometer can be modified to measure larger currents.

21. Assertion (A): A solenoid can produce a uniform magnetic field when a current passes through it.

Reason (R): The magnetic field inside a solenoid is directly proportional to the current flowing through it.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: A solenoid creates a uniform magnetic field, and its strength depends on the current.

22. Assertion (A): A current-carrying loop in a magnetic field experiences a torque.

Reason (R): The torque is due to the interaction between the magnetic field and the current.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason accurately describe the behavior of current loops in magnetic fields.

23. Assertion (A): The induced emf can be increased by increasing the number of turns in the coil.

Reason (R): More turns result in greater total magnetic flux linkage.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason correctly reflect the relationship between the number of turns and induced emf.

24. Assertion (A): Electromagnetic induction can occur in a conductor even if it is not moving.

Reason (R): Changes in the magnetic field around the conductor can induce current.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Electromagnetic induction can indeed occur due to changing magnetic fields, regardless of the conductor's motion.

25. Assertion (A): The direction of induced current can be predicted using Lenz's law.

Reason (R): Lenz's law states that induced current flows in a direction to oppose the change in flux.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Both the assertion and reason correctly describe Lenz's law and its application to induced currents.

26. Assertion (A): Transformers are used to step up or step down AC voltages.

Reason (R): The operation of a transformer is based on the principle of self-induction.

  • (b) Both A and R are false.
  • Answer: (b)
    Explanation: The assertion is true, but the reason is false; transformers operate on mutual induction, not self-induction.

27. Assertion (A): The strength of the induced current is influenced by the speed at which the magnetic field changes.

Reason (R): A faster change in the magnetic field leads to a greater induced emf.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason correctly describe the relationship between the rate of change of the magnetic field and induced emf.

28. Assertion (A): The magnetic flux through a surface is independent of the angle at which the magnetic field lines intersect the surface.

Reason (R): Magnetic flux depends only on the strength of the magnetic field.

  • (b) Both A and R are false.
  • Answer: (b)
    Explanation: Both statements are false; magnetic flux is affected by both the strength of the magnetic field and the angle of intersection.

29. Assertion (A): The induced emf can be measured by a digital voltmeter.

Reason (R): A digital voltmeter provides a direct reading of the induced emf.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason accurately describe how a digital voltmeter can measure induced emf.

30. Assertion (A): The change in magnetic flux can be caused by moving a magnet towards or away from a coil.

Reason (R): This movement changes the number of magnetic field lines passing through the coil.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Both statements correctly describe how movement affects magnetic flux through a coil.

31. Assertion (A): When a coil is moved into a magnetic field, an emf is induced in the coil.

Reason (R): The induced emf is proportional to the speed of the coil's movement.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason are both true; higher speeds lead to greater changes in flux and thus higher induced emf.

32. Assertion (A): A galvanometer can detect small currents due to the torque exerted on a coil in a magnetic field.

Reason (R): The coil experiences a torque that causes it to rotate, moving the pointer on the scale.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason accurately describe the operation of a galvanometer.

33. Assertion (A): A magnetic field can induce a current in a nearby conductor without direct contact.

Reason (R): This phenomenon is known as magnetic induction.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason correctly describe the process of electromagnetic induction.

34. Assertion (A): The flux linkage in a coil is the product of the magnetic flux and the number of turns in the coil.

Reason (R): Increasing the number of turns increases the induced emf.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason accurately reflect the relationship between flux linkage and induced emf.

35. Assertion (A): The magnetic field inside a long solenoid is uniform and parallel to its axis.

Reason (R): This uniformity arises from the closely spaced turns of wire in the solenoid.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason correctly describe the behavior of magnetic fields within a solenoid.

36. Assertion (A): The induced current always flows in a direction that opposes the change causing it.

Reason (R): This is a manifestation of the conservation of momentum.

  • (b) Both A and R are false.
  • Answer: (b)
    Explanation: The assertion is true, but the reason is false; it is a consequence of the conservation of energy, not momentum.

37. Assertion (A): The greater the magnetic field strength, the greater the induced emf.

Reason (R): The induced emf is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason correctly describe the relationship between magnetic field strength and induced emf.

38. Assertion (A): Inductive reactance opposes the flow of current in AC circuits.

Reason (R): Inductive reactance increases with the frequency of the alternating current.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason accurately describe the behavior of inductive reactance in AC circuits.

39. Assertion (A): Electromagnetic induction can be observed in both AC and DC circuits.

Reason (R): Induction occurs when there is a change in current in the circuit.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Both statements correctly describe the conditions for electromagnetic induction.

40. Assertion (A): The use of ferromagnetic materials in transformers enhances their efficiency.

Reason (R): Ferromagnetic materials increase the magnetic permeability of the transformer core.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason accurately describe how ferromagnetic materials improve transformer performance.

41. Assertion (A): Electromagnetic induction can be used to generate electric power.

Reason (R): Generators utilize the principles of electromagnetic induction to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason correctly describe the operation of electric generators.

42. Assertion (A): The induced current in a loop decreases if the magnetic field strength decreases.

Reason (R): A weaker magnetic field leads to a smaller change in magnetic flux.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason correctly describe the relationship between magnetic field strength and induced current.

43. Assertion (A): The induced emf in a coil is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux through it.

Reason (R): This relationship is expressed by Faraday's law of induction.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason accurately reflect Faraday's law and its implications for induced emf.

44. Assertion (A): The frequency of the alternating current affects the operation of inductive components in circuits.

Reason (R): Inductive reactance increases with frequency, affecting the overall impedance of the circuit.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason accurately describe how frequency impacts inductive components in AC circuits.

45. Assertion (A): Lenz's law is a consequence of the conservation of energy.

Reason (R): It explains that induced currents will always flow in a direction that opposes the change in magnetic flux.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason correctly connect Lenz's law with energy conservation principles.

46. Assertion (A): Inductors store energy in the form of a magnetic field.

Reason (R): The energy stored in an inductor is proportional to the square of the current flowing through it.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason accurately describe how inductors function and store energy.

47. Assertion (A): The induced emf can be negative.

Reason (R): A negative induced emf indicates a reversal in the direction of current flow.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason correctly describe the implications of induced emf direction.

48. Assertion (A): When a conductor cuts through magnetic field lines, an emf is induced.

Reason (R): The induced emf depends on the speed at which the conductor cuts the lines.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason accurately reflect the relationship between motion and induced emf.

49. Assertion (A): The energy efficiency of transformers is generally high.

Reason (R): Transformers can transfer electrical energy with minimal losses.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason correctly describe the high efficiency of transformers in energy transfer.

50. Assertion (A): A changing electric field can induce a magnetic field.

Reason (R): This phenomenon is described by Maxwell's equations.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The assertion and reason accurately describe the relationship between electric and magnetic fields as per Maxwell's equations.