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Communication system

Class 12th Physics Chapter Assertion and Reason


Assertion and Reason Questions Chapter-15 Communication System

Assertion (A) and other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the options as given below.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C. A is true, but R is false.

D. A is false, but R is true.


1. Assertion (A): Amplitude modulation (AM) is widely used in commercial radio broadcasting.

Reason (R): AM signals can travel long distances and are less affected by noise.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: AM signals can effectively cover large distances and have a relatively simple receiver design, making them suitable for commercial radio.

2. Assertion (A): Frequency modulation (FM) is less susceptible to noise than amplitude modulation (AM).

Reason (R): FM signals vary in amplitude, which enhances noise immunity.

  • (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (b)
    Explanation: FM is less affected by noise because it varies in frequency rather than amplitude, which minimizes noise interference.

3. Assertion (A): The bandwidth of an FM signal is greater than that of an AM signal.

Reason (R): FM modulates the frequency of the carrier wave, leading to a wider range of frequencies.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: FM requires more bandwidth because frequency changes in FM produce sidebands that spread over a wider frequency range compared to AM.

4. Assertion (A): A modulated signal can be transmitted over long distances.

Reason (R): Modulation increases the frequency of the signal, making it suitable for transmission.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Modulation helps in shifting the baseband signal to a higher frequency range, which is essential for long-distance transmission due to reduced signal attenuation.

5. Assertion (A): The carrier wave frequency must be higher than the message signal frequency for effective modulation.

Reason (R): This prevents distortion of the original signal.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Keeping the carrier frequency higher ensures that the modulation process accurately represents the message signal without distortion.

6. Assertion (A): Pulse modulation is less efficient than analog modulation techniques.

Reason (R): Pulse modulation transmits more information in a given bandwidth.

  • (c) A is true, but R is false.
  • Answer: (c)
    Explanation: Pulse modulation techniques, such as pulse-code modulation (PCM), are often more efficient in transmitting information, especially in digital communication.

7. Assertion (A): The information capacity of a communication channel increases with bandwidth.

Reason (R): Bandwidth determines the number of signals that can be transmitted simultaneously.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: According to the Shannon-Hartley theorem, higher bandwidth allows for greater information capacity by accommodating more data signals.

8. Assertion (A): Noise in communication systems can be minimized using modulation techniques.

Reason (R): Modulation shifts the signal frequency to reduce noise interference.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Modulation allows the signal to be shifted to a frequency range where noise is less prominent, improving signal quality.

9. Assertion (A): Analog signals can be represented by discrete values.

Reason (R): Discrete representation is essential for digital communication.

  • (c) A is true, but R is false.
  • Answer: (c)
    Explanation: Analog signals are continuous and cannot be represented accurately by discrete values without conversion to digital format.

10. Assertion (A): A demodulator is used to retrieve the original message signal from a modulated carrier wave.

Reason (R): The demodulator performs the inverse operation of modulation.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Demodulation is designed to recover the original signal from its modulated form, reversing the modulation process.

11. Assertion (A): The concept of multiplexing allows multiple signals to be transmitted simultaneously.

Reason (R): Multiplexing combines signals into a single channel, improving channel utilization.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Multiplexing techniques like Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) enable efficient use of available bandwidth by combining multiple signals.

12. Assertion (A): The modulation index determines the extent of modulation in an AM signal.

Reason (R): A higher modulation index leads to better signal quality.

  • (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (b)
    Explanation: The modulation index is crucial for defining the modulation depth, but higher values may lead to distortion rather than improved quality.

13. Assertion (A): A radio receiver must be tuned to the frequency of the incoming signal for effective reception.

Reason (R): Tuning ensures the receiver selects the desired signal while rejecting others.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Tuning aligns the receiver with the carrier frequency, enhancing the ability to demodulate and retrieve the desired information.

14. Assertion (A): A single-channel system is less complex than a multi-channel system.

Reason (R): Fewer channels simplify the design and implementation of the communication system.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: A single-channel system requires simpler circuitry and design, reducing complexity compared to systems handling multiple channels.

15. Assertion (A): Satellite communication requires a line-of-sight path between the transmitter and receiver.

Reason (R): Line-of-sight ensures minimal obstruction and maximum signal strength.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: A clear line-of-sight path is essential for effective satellite communication, allowing signals to travel without interference.

16. Assertion (A): Digital communication systems are generally more secure than analog systems.

Reason (R): Digital signals can be easily encrypted, enhancing security.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The ability to encrypt digital signals makes them more resistant to interception and unauthorized access, increasing overall system security.

17. Assertion (A): The Nyquist theorem is critical in determining the maximum data rate for a communication channel.

Reason (R): It states that the maximum data rate is directly proportional to the bandwidth of the channel.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The Nyquist theorem provides a formula to calculate the highest data rate achievable based on the channel's bandwidth.

18. Assertion (A): Light waves can be used for communication through optical fibers.

Reason (R): Optical fibers use total internal reflection to transmit light signals effectively.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The principle of total internal reflection in optical fibers allows light signals to travel long distances with minimal loss, making them suitable for communication.

19. Assertion (A): The Earth’s atmosphere can affect the transmission of radio waves.

Reason (R): Atmospheric conditions such as temperature and humidity can lead to signal attenuation.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Variations in atmospheric conditions can cause changes in the propagation characteristics of radio waves, affecting signal strength and clarity.

20. Assertion (A): Communication systems require modulation to convert audio signals into radio waves.

Reason (R): Modulation allows the audio signal to be effectively transmitted over long distances.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Modulation is essential for adapting the audio signal to a higher frequency range, suitable for transmission without significant loss.

21. Assertion (A): Baseband signals cannot be transmitted directly over long distances.

Reason (R): Baseband signals are prone to distortion and attenuation over long distances.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Baseband signals, being low-frequency, experience significant loss and distortion when transmitted directly, necessitating modulation to higher frequencies.

22. Assertion (A): Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) is a method used to increase the security of communication.

Reason (R): DSSS spreads the signal over a wider bandwidth, making it difficult to intercept.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: DSSS enhances security by spreading the signal across a wider frequency range, reducing the chance of unauthorized interception.

23. Assertion (A): A coherent receiver requires the presence of a carrier signal for demodulation.

Reason (R): The carrier signal helps in restoring the original signal during demodulation.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Coherent detection relies on the reference carrier to accurately reconstruct the modulated signal during the demodulation process.

24. Assertion (A): The bandwidth of a communication channel can be increased using modulation techniques.

Reason (R): Modulation shifts the frequencies of the signals to utilize higher frequency ranges.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Modulation techniques enable the use of higher frequency bands, effectively increasing the available bandwidth for signal transmission.

25. Assertion (A): Communication systems must be designed to minimize the effects of multipath propagation.

Reason (R): Multipath propagation can lead to signal fading and distortion.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Designing communication systems to address multipath effects is crucial to ensure reliable signal reception and minimize distortion.

26. Assertion (A): The modulation index of an FM signal determines its bandwidth.

Reason (R): The bandwidth of FM is proportional to the maximum frequency deviation.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The modulation index influences the amount of frequency deviation, directly affecting the overall bandwidth of the FM signal.

27. Assertion (A): The use of antennas is crucial in both transmitting and receiving communication signals.

Reason (R): Antennas convert electrical signals into electromagnetic waves and vice versa.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Antennas play a vital role in communication by effectively transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves, facilitating signal propagation.

28. Assertion (A): Optical communication systems are less prone to interference than radio communication systems.

Reason (R): Optical signals operate in a different frequency range, reducing the likelihood of interference.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Optical communication is less affected by electromagnetic interference because it uses light signals, which operate at much higher frequencies than radio waves.

29. Assertion (A): The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a critical factor in communication systems.

Reason (R): A higher SNR indicates better signal quality and lower interference.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: A higher SNR indicates that the signal is much stronger than the background noise, leading to clearer and more reliable communication.

30. Assertion (A): Different types of modulation techniques are used depending on the application.

Reason (R): Each modulation technique has its advantages and limitations.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The choice of modulation technique is influenced by factors such as bandwidth, noise resistance, and signal quality, making different techniques suitable for various applications.

31. Assertion (A): The presence of a carrier wave is necessary for amplitude modulation.

Reason (R): The carrier wave provides the frequency upon which the audio signal is superimposed.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The carrier wave is essential for AM, as it serves as the baseline frequency that carries the audio signal during transmission.

32. Assertion (A): Digital signals are more robust against noise compared to analog signals.

Reason (R): Digital signals have discrete levels, which makes them easier to distinguish from noise.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The discrete nature of digital signals allows them to be less affected by noise, making it easier to recover the original information.

33. Assertion (A): Synchronous and asynchronous transmission are two methods of data transfer in communication systems.

Reason (R): Synchronous transmission requires a clock signal for data timing, while asynchronous does not.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The distinction between synchronous and asynchronous transmission lies in the need for a timing signal, which affects how data is sent and received.

34. Assertion (A): Frequency modulation (FM) signals have a larger bandwidth than AM signals.

Reason (R): The frequency deviation in FM is greater than the amplitude variation in AM.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: FM requires more bandwidth due to the wider frequency variations associated with its modulation technique compared to AM.

35. Assertion (A): Communication satellites are primarily used for global telecommunications.

Reason (R): They provide a line-of-sight path for signal transmission across long distances.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Communication satellites facilitate long-distance telecommunications by maintaining a clear line-of-sight path for signals.

36. Assertion (A): The Doppler effect is significant in mobile communication.

Reason (R): The relative motion between transmitter and receiver causes frequency shifts.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The Doppler effect impacts the frequency of received signals in mobile communication due to the movement of either the transmitter or receiver, which can lead to variations in the perceived signal frequency.

37. Assertion (A): Modulation is not necessary for transmitting digital signals.

Reason (R): Digital signals can be transmitted directly without any modification.

  • (c) A is true, but R is false.
  • Answer: (c)
    Explanation: While digital signals can be transmitted directly over short distances, modulation is often necessary for effective long-distance transmission, especially when using various communication channels.

38. Assertion (A): Spread spectrum techniques enhance the security of communication.

Reason (R): They reduce the chance of interception by spreading the signal across multiple frequencies.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Spread spectrum techniques make it more difficult for unauthorized users to intercept the signal, as the data is dispersed across a broader frequency range.

39. Assertion (A): The use of digital signal processors (DSPs) is common in modern communication systems.

Reason (R): DSPs are efficient in processing and manipulating digital signals for communication.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: DSPs are designed for the efficient processing of digital signals, making them integral to many modern communication applications.

40. Assertion (A): The amplitude of a modulated signal does not vary in amplitude modulation (AM).

Reason (R): The amplitude varies in accordance with the message signal.

  • (c) A is false, but R is true.
  • Answer: (c)
    Explanation: In AM, the amplitude of the modulated signal varies according to the amplitude of the message signal; hence, A is false, but R is true.

41. Assertion (A): The noise figure of a communication system indicates its performance.

Reason (R): A lower noise figure means better signal quality and less noise interference.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The noise figure is a critical parameter that helps evaluate a system's performance; a lower value indicates a more efficient system with better signal reception.

42. Assertion (A): Line-of-sight communication is essential for microwave transmission.

Reason (R): Microwave signals are easily blocked by obstacles.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Line-of-sight is critical in microwave transmission due to the high frequency and direct path required for effective signal propagation without obstruction.

43. Assertion (A): Digital communication systems are inherently more efficient than analog systems.

Reason (R): Digital systems allow for error correction and compression techniques.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Digital systems can implement various techniques to enhance data integrity and reduce bandwidth usage, making them more efficient than analog systems.

44. Assertion (A): The frequency response of a communication system is important for its design.

Reason (R): It determines how the system responds to different frequencies of input signals.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Understanding the frequency response helps in designing systems that can effectively transmit the desired frequency range while minimizing distortion.

45. Assertion (A): The use of error detection and correction methods is crucial in communication systems.

Reason (R): They ensure the accuracy of data transmission over noisy channels.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Error detection and correction techniques are essential for maintaining data integrity, especially in environments where noise and interference are present.

46. Assertion (A): Analog signals can represent a continuous range of values.

Reason (R): They are not limited to discrete levels as digital signals are.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Analog signals can vary continuously within a range, while digital signals represent information in discrete levels, which is a key difference between the two.

47. Assertion (A): Communication systems using fiber optics have higher data transmission capacity than traditional systems.

Reason (R): Fiber optics utilize light signals, which can carry more information over longer distances.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Fiber optic systems benefit from the high bandwidth of light signals, enabling them to transmit vast amounts of data over great distances with minimal loss.

48. Assertion (A): Modulation is necessary for enabling multiplexing in communication systems.

Reason (R): Modulation allows multiple signals to share the same communication medium.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Modulation techniques facilitate the multiplexing of signals by shifting them to different frequency bands, allowing for efficient use of the communication channel.

49. Assertion (A): The performance of a communication system can be measured by its bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

Reason (R): Both parameters are crucial for determining data transfer rates and signal clarity.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: Bandwidth indicates the capacity for data transmission, while SNR reflects the quality of the received signal, both of which are essential for assessing system performance.

50. Assertion (A): Communication systems are evolving to incorporate advanced technologies such as 5G and IoT.

Reason (R): These technologies require higher data rates and lower latency for effective operation.

  • (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Answer: (a)
    Explanation: The development of 5G and IoT necessitates advancements in communication systems to meet the demands for increased data rates and reduced latency, enabling seamless connectivity.