CBSE-Class-10-Social-Science-Question-bank-Political-Science-Chapter-4-Gender-Religion-and-Caste

Class 10^th Social Science- Gender, Religion and Caste

GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS

Q.1. Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India.

Ans. They are discriminated against in politics, spheres of education, economic rights, status and

opportunities.

Q.2. State different forms of communal politics with one example each.

Ans. (i) The most common expression of communalism is in everyday beliefs, e.g., religious prejudices.

(ii) A communal mind often leads to a quest for political dominance of one’s own religious community.

(iii) Political mobilisation on religious lines is another frequent form of communalism. e.g., the use of sacred symbols.

(iv) Sometimes communalism takes its most ugly form of communal violence, riots and massacre, e.g., India and Pakistan during the time of Partition.

Q.3. State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India?

Ans. Caste has not disappeared from contemporary India.

(i) Even now most people marry within their own caste or tribe.

(ii) Untouchability has not ended completely despite constitutional prohibition.

(iii) Effects of centuries of advantages and disadvantages continue to be felt today, e.g., Caste continues to be closely linked to economic status.

Q.4. State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.

Ans. There are many reasons :

(i) State legislature has a majority of any caste group. Every caste group is represented in

the Parliament. Caste groups can be ignored and all voters’ support is needed to win elections.

(ii) In one constituency you cannot have candidates from one caste only or voters belonging

to the majority caste. It means that no political party represents one caste.

(iii) It may happen that more than one candidate may stand from a particular caste. Also, there

may not be any candidate from other castes.

Q.5. What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies?

Ans. India’s women representation in legislatures and their participation in politics is very low. The

strength of women in the Lok Sabha is not even 10%. In the state assemblies it is even lower

— only 5%. Some developing countries of Africa and Latin America have more women

representatives. The Women’s Reservation Bill, a move to make 33% reservation for women

in the Parliament, is still pending before the Parliament and it has yet to pass it. Only in the

Panchayati Raj — local governing bodies — seats are reserved for women. Now there are

10 lakh elected women representatives in rural and urban local bodies.

Q.6. Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.

Ans. (i) Freedom to practice, profess and propagate the religion of one’s choice.

(ii) There is no state or official religion.

Q.7. When we speak of gender divisions, we usually refer to :

(a) Biological difference between men and women.

(b) Unequal roles assigned by society to men and women.

Ans. The right answer is (b) Unequal roles assigned by society to men and women.

Q.8. In India, seats are reserved for women in :

(a) Lok Sabha (b) State Legislative Assemblies

Ans. (d)

Q.9. Consider the following statements on the meaning of communal politics.

Communal politics is based on the belief that :

(a) Our religion is superior to that of others.

(b) People belonging to different religions can live together happily as equal citizens.

(d) State power cannot be used to establish the domination of one religious group over the other.

Which of the statements is / are correct?

(a) A, B, C and D (b) A, B, C (c) A and C (d) B and D

Ans. (c)

Q.10. Which among the following statements about Indian Constitution is wrong?

(a) Prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion

(b) Gives official status to one religion

(d) Ensures equality of citizens within religious communities.

Ans. (b)

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Q.1. What is meant by ‘gender division’?

(a) Division between rich and poor (b) Division between males and females

Ans. (b)

Q.2. What is meant by the term ‘Feminist’?

(a) Having the qualities considered typical of women.

(b) A person who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women and men.

(d) Men who look like women.

Ans. (b)

Q.3. Which one of these does not refer to the ‘Feminist movement’?

(a) Improving educational and career opportunities for women

(b) Giving voting rights to the women (c) Training them in household jobs

(d) Improving their political and legal status

Ans. (c)

Q.4. What is the result of political expression of gender division?

(a) Has helped to improve women’s role in public life

(b) Has provided a superior status to women

(d) None of the above

Ans. (a)

Q.5. In which of these countries, the participation of women is not very large?

(a) Sweden (b) Norway (c) India (d) Finland

Ans. (c)

Q.6. Indian society is considered as

(a) a matriarchal society (b) a patriarchal society

Ans. (b)

Q.7. Which of these Acts provides that equal wages should be paid for equal work to both men

and women?

(a) Same Wages Act (b) Equal Wages Act

Ans. (b)

Q.8. In which of these categories of work do you think less time is spent by men?

(a) Household and related work (b) Income-generating work

Ans. (a)

Q.9. The representation of women in state assemblies is less than :

(a) 2% (b) 5% (c) 6% (d) 3%

Ans. (b)

Q.10. To provide representation to women in Panchayats and Municipalities, the following step

has been taken :

(a) Reservation for election to half of the seats for women

(b) Appointment of 1/3 women members

(d) None of the above

Ans. (c)

Q.11. What did Gandhiji mean when he said that religion and politics can never be separated?

(a) Effect of Hinduism on politics is more (b) Effect of Islam on politics is more

Ans. (c)

Q.12. In some places in India, the child sex ratio has fallen to as low as :

(a) 927 (b) 840 (c) 820 (d) 800

Ans. (d)

Q.13. According to some feminist movements, which of these is the best way to achieve

women’s well-being?

(a) Women should stop cooperating with men (b) All women should go out for work

Ans. (c)

Q.14. The percentage of elected women members in the Lok Sabha has never reached even

_______ per cent of its total strength.

(a) 25% (b) 15% (c) 10% (d) 5%

Ans. (c)

Q.15. Partly due to the efforts of reformers and partly due to other ________ changes, caste

system in modern India has undergone great changes.

(a) fundamental (b) socio-economic (c) cultural (d) professional

Ans. (b)

Q.16. What is leading to the breakdown of caste hierarchy?

(a) Large-scale urbanisation (b) Growth of literacy and education

Ans. (d)

Q.17. In India, seats are reserved for women in :

(a) Lok Sabha (b) State Legislative Assemblies

Ans. (d)

Q.18. Which of these is true about the ugliest form of communalism?

(a) Communal violence (b) Riots

Ans. (d)

Q.19. Which of these statements is incorrect?

(a) There is only one-way relation between caste and politics.

(b) Politics too influences the caste system.

(d) None of the above.

Ans. (a)

Q.20. _______ groups in our country have argued that most of the victims of communal riots

in our country are people from religious minorities.

(a) Trade Union (b) Feminist (c) Students (d) Human Rights

Ans. (d)

Q.21. Which of these matters deal with the ‘Family Laws’?

(a) Marriage and divorce (b) Adoption (c) Inheritance (d) All of these

Ans. (d)

Q.22. What is meant by ‘Communal Politics’?

(a) Participation of different communities in politics

(b) When state power is used to establish domination of one religious group over the rest

(d) All the above

Ans. (b)

Q.23. Which of these forms can communalism take in politics?

(a) In everyday beliefs, like religious prejudices

(b) A quest for political dominance of one’s own religious community

(d) All the above

Ans. (d)

Q.24. Which of these countries has an official state religion?

(a) Sri Lanka (b) Pakistan (c) England (d) All of these

Ans. (d)

Q.25. In India, the official religion of the state is :

(a) Hinduism (b) Islam (c) Christianity (d) None

Ans. (d)

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS

Q.1. Laws concerning family matters such as marriage, divorce, adoption etc. are known as:

(a) Family laws (b) Constitutional Laws (c) Criminal Laws (d) Civil Laws

Ans. (a)

Q.2. In which system of elected bodies about one-third seats are reserved for women?

(a) Panchayats and Municipals (b) Lok Sabha

Ans. (a)

Q.3. A system that values men more and gives them power over women is called?

(a) Feminist (b) Socialist (c) Patriarchy (d) Communist

Ans. (c)

Q.4. What does caste hierarchy mean?

(a) A shift from rural areas to urban areas

(b) Shift from one occupation to another

(d) None of these

Ans. (c)

Q.5. Who among the following said that religion can never be separated from politics?

(a) Acharya Vinobha Bhave (b) Mahatma Gandhi

Ans. (b)

Q.6. Which of the following statement about India as a secular state is incorrect?

(a) Allows freedom to practice any religion

(b) There is no official religion

(d) It reserves seats for religious minorities

Ans. (d)

Q.7. A person who does not discriminate others on the basis of religious beliefs is called?

(a) Communalist (b) Secular (c) Casteist (d) Feminist

Ans. (b)

Q.8. India is a secular state because :

(a) It allows freedom to practise any religion (b) There is no official religion

Ans. (d)

Q.9. On which of the following ideas is communal politics based?

(a) One religion is considered superior than the others

(b) Creating a vote bank of the basis on religion

Ans. (d)

Q.10. In which one of the following countries the participation of women in public life is very high?

(a) India (b) Sweden (c) Bangladesh (d) Pakistan

Ans. (b)

Q.11. Which of the following divisions is unique to India?

(a) Gender division (b) Caste division

Ans. (b)

Q.12. Which one of the following is the literacy rate among women in India according to the census of 2001?

(a) 50% (b) 76% (c) 28% (d) 54%

Ans. (d)

Q.13. Which one of the following is not a cause of communalism?

(a) Religion is taken as the basis of nation

(b) When one religion is discriminated against other

(d) Demands of one religious group are formed in opposition to another

Ans. (c)

Q.14. Which one of the following statements depicts Gandhiji’s views on religion and politics?

(a) Politics should be guided by one religion only

(b) Religion should be ahead of politics

(d) None of the above

Ans. (b)

Q.15. Which of the following is correct for patriarchal society?

(a) Women dominated society (b) Male-dominated society

Ans. (b)

Q.16. Gender division usually means

(a) biological difference between men and women

(b) unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women

(d) absence of voting rights for women

Ans. (b)

Q.17. A man or woman who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women is a

(a) Communist (b) Socialist (c) Feminist (d) Communalist

Ans. (c)

Q.18. What is the percentage of literacy rate among men in India?

(a) 54 (b) 58 (c) 62 (d) 76

Ans. (d)

Q.19. In which of the following countries the very participation of women in public life is very low?

(a) Sweden (b) Denmark (c) South Africa (d) Norway

Ans. (c)

Q.20. Who among the following is a feminist?

(a) Some one who does not believe in equal rights and opportunities for women and men

(b) Some one who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women and men

(d) None of the above

Ans. (b)

Q.21. In which of the following countries? The participation of women in public life is very high?

(a) Scandinavian countries (b) African countries

Ans. (a)

Q.22. Which one of the following statements is the opinion of Mahatma Gandhi?

(a) The religion can be separated from politics

(b) The religion can never be separated from politics

(d) None of the above

Ans. (b)

Q.23. ‘Feminist movements’ are aimed at

(a) Liberty (b) Equality (c) Participation (d) Power

Ans. (b)

Q.24. According to 2001 census what was the sex ratio in India?

(a) 1000 males 950 females (b) 1000 males 850 females

Ans. (c)

Q.25. Which type of state is India?

(a) Democratic (b) Secular (c) Welfare (d) All the above

Ans. (d)

Q.26. Communalism refers to a division based on

(a) Religion (b) Caste

Ans. (a)

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q.1. How can religion influence politics?

Ans.

Gandhiji believed that politics must be guided by ethics drawn from all religions.

Ideas, ideals and values drawn from different religions can play a role in politics.

People should have the freedom to express in politics their needs, interest and demands as a member of a religious community.

People who hold political power should see that discrimination and oppression does not take place due to religion.

Q.2. What is communal politics?

How does communalism create problems in politics?

Ans. (i) When one uses religion in politics, it is communal politics. It creates problems when one

sees religion as the basis of the nation.

(ii) When one religion considers itself superior to other religions.

(iii) When there is discrimination against the followers of the other religion.

(iv) When state power is used to help one religion to dominate other religious groups and;

(v) When the demands of one religious group are in opposition to others.

Q.3. What are the effects of communalism on politics?

Ans. (i) Political parties are formed on communal basis — Muslim League, Akali Dal, the Hindu

Mahasabha, the DMK are some examples.

(ii) Religion rather than ability becomes the criteria to choose candidates for elections.

(iii) People prefer to cast votes in favour of candidates of their own religion.

(iv) Communalism can turn ugly and lead to violence, massacre and riots.

Q.4. What is secularism? Mention any four provisions of the Indian Constitution which makes

it a secular state.

Ans. Secularism means all religions are given the same respect and there is no state religion.

(i) No religion has a special status.

(ii) Freedom to practice, profess and propagate one’s religion is allowed by the Constitution.

(iii) No discrimination of any kind is allowed on religious grounds.

(iv) ‘Untouchability’ is banned.

Q.5. Has caste disappeared from India?

Ans. No. The following points prove the fact

(i) Even now people marry in their own caste.

(ii) Untouchability is still practised in many parts of India.

(iii) The caste groups which had better education are still ahead of other caste groups.

Q.6. Why is it necessary to have secularism in India?

Ans. India is a land of many religions and it has led to communalism in India. In fact, one of the

results of communalism was partition of India into two nations. It was a challenge for Indian

democracy and they chose a secular state as a model. Several constitutional provisions were

made to secure secularism in India. It was not just an ideology of some party or people.

Secularism is the basis, one of the foundations, of our country. To avoid the threat of

communalism, secularism was chosen.

Q.7. When does the problem of communalism begin?

Ans. The problem of communalism begins when religion is seen as the basis of the nation. The

problem becomes more acute when religion is expressed in politics in exclusive and partisan

terms, when one religion and its followers are pitted against another. This happens when the

beliefs of one religion are presented as superior to those of other religions, and when the state

power is used to establish domination of one religious group over the rest.

Q.8. Which factors have led to weakening of caste hierarchy in India?

Ans. Caste hierarchy in India is weakening due to number of reasons :

(i) Efforts of social reformers like Gandhiji, Periyar, Jyotiba Phule etc. did the starting part

of establishing a society in which caste inequalities are absent.

(ii) It has also weakened due to economic development, large-scale urbanisation, growth of

literacy and education, occupational mobility, and the weakening of the position of

landlords in the villages.

Q.9. Do you agree with the view that casteism has not disappeared from Indian society? Discuss. [HOTS]

Ans. Although the old barriers of caste system are breaking down, but still casteism continues to be

there in the Indian society.

(i) Even now most people marry within their own caste or tribe

(ii) Untouchability has not ended completely.

(iii) Effects of centuries of advantages and disadvantages continue to be felt today.

Q.10. Do the ‘caste’ and ‘vote bank’ factors completely control the elections in India?[HOTS]

Ans. There is an impression that elections in India are all about caste and nothing else. But it is also

true that ‘caste’ and ‘vote bank’ factors alone cannot determine elections in India due to the

following reasons :

(i) No single caste is ever elected with a clear majority in any parliamentary constituency.

So votes of more than one caste is required to win the election for any candidate or party.

(ii) Many political parties may put up candidates from the same caste. Some voters have more

than one candidate from their caste, while many voters have no candidate from their caste.

(iii) No party wins the votes of all the voters of a caste or community.

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS

Q.1. Define a feminist movement. What is their objective?

Ans. A woman or a man who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women and men. More

radical women’s movements aimed at equality in personal and family life as well. These

movements are called feminist movements. The objectives of the feminist movements are

enhancing the political and legal status of women, im proving their educational, health and

career opportunities.

Q.2. What are the factors other than the caste which play a decisive role at the time of the

election?

Ans. Other than caste some more are there which play a decisive role at the time of the election –

(i) Money (ii) Power (iii) Prestige.

(i) Money – During election some candidates purchase the vote by giving money.

(ii) Power – Power also attracts the voter. Sometimes willingly and sometimes by force.

(iii) Prestige – Suppose any party or candidate having good prestige, then also voters are

attracted.

Q.3. Unless women are empowered, their problems will never get adequate attention. Suggest

any 3 ways to empower them.

Ans. Women can be empowered by –

(i) Enhancing the political and legal status

(ii) Enhancing their educational status

(iii) By giving them equal rights and career opportunities.

Q.4. How are religious differences expressed in politics?

Ans. Sometimes religion is expressed in politics in exclusive and partisan terms when one religion

and its followers are pitted against another. This happens when beliefs of one religion are

presented as superior to those of other religions, when the demands of one religious group are

formed in opposition to another and when state power is used to establish domination of one

religious group over the rest. This manner of using religion in politics is communal politics.

Q.5. How does the Constitution of India ensure secularism?

Ans. (i) There is no official religion for the Indian state. Our Constitution does not give a special

status to any religion.

(ii) The Constitution provided to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practise

and propagate any religion or not to follow any.

(iii) The Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.

(iv) The Constitution also allows the state to intervene in matters of religion to ensure equality

within religious community.

Q.6. “In our country women still lag much behind men despite some improvements since

independence.” Support the statement by giving three reasons.

Ans. (i) The literacy rate (as per 2001 census) among women is only 54 per cent compared with

76 per cent among men. Similarly, only a smaller proportion of girls go for higher studies.

(ii) The proportion of women among the highly paid and valued job is still very small. On

an average, an Indian woman works one hour more than an average man every day. Yet

much of her work is not paid and therefore often not valued.

(iii) As per the Equal Wages Act, equal wages should be paid to equal work. But, in almost

all areas of work, from sports and cinema, to factories and fields, women are paid less

than men, even when both do exactly the same work.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q.1. Explain the sexual division of labour.

Ans. In India, women are supposed to bring up children and look after the home. They do all the

cleaning, washing, cooking, even tailoring. There is no value attached to this work. In rural

areas, women work in the fields, fetch water and fuel but are hardly paid anything.

In urban areas, middle-class women work in offices, factories etc. Poor women work as domestic

help, but none of them get the same wages as men. Their status is lower than that of men.

Men do not do any housework. They are excellent cooks or tailors but they take up these jobs

only when paid in hotels, etc.

Q.2. What forms can caste take in politics?

Ans. The caste can take following forms in politics :

(i) Sometimes candidates are chosen on the basis of their caste. When political parties choose

candidates, they keep in mind the caste composition of their voters.

(ii) In many places voters vote on the basis of caste and fail to choose suitable candidates.

(iii) When a government is formed after elections, political parties take care that different

castes are represented in the government.

(iv) Political parties appeal to caste sentiments during elections.

(v) To gain support political parties raise caste-based issues during elections. This they do to

get political support, as ‘one man one vote’ system or adult franchise has made the voter

very powerful.

(vi) The castes considered inferior or low until now have been made conscious of their rights

by the political parties.

Q.3. Explain the major factors responsible for the rigid caste system disappearing from India.

Give two suggestions of your own.

Ans. (i) Social reformers like Gandhi, Jyotiba Phule, B.R. Ambedkar and Ramaswami Naickar

have worked hard for a society free of caste inequalities.

(ii) Literacy, education, occupational mobility and economic development have been other

factors. The position of the landlords has been weakened.

(iii) The Constitution of India prohibits any kind of discrimination based on caste.

(iv) The fundamental rights have also played a major role because they are provided to every

citizen without any discrimination.

(v) The caste system can be further reduced if education is spread in every group to every caste.

(vi) Inter-caste marriages can also remove caste barriers.

Q.4. Describe the influence of politics on caste system.

Ans. It is not only that caste influences politics but politics also affects the caste system. This takes

the following forms :

(i) Each caste group tries to become bigger by incorporating within it neighbouring castes

or sub-castes which were earlier excluded from it.

(ii) Various caste groups are required to enter into a coalition with other castes and thus enter

into a dialogue.

(iii) New kinds of caste groups have come up in the political arena like ‘backward’ and

‘forward’ caste groups.

Q.5. Is the ideological basis of communalism flawed? Substantiate your views. [HOTS]

Ans. Communal politics is based on the idea that religion is the principal basis of social community.

This ideology is itself full of flaws for the following reasons :

(i) It believes that the followers of a particular religion must belong to one community.

(ii) Their fundamental interests are the same.

(iii) It believes that people who follow different religions cannot belong to same social

community.

(iv) Their interests are bound to be different and involve a conflict.

(v) In its extreme form, communalism leads to the belief that people belonging to different

religions cannot live as equal citizens within one nations. Either, one of them has to

dominate the other, or they have to form different nations, e.g., Pakistan was formed as

a result of communal beliefs.

Q.6. Discuss the socio-economic conditions of women in our society. Has the political

expression of gender division really helped?

Ans. Socio-economic conditions of women :

(i) The literacy rate among women is only 54 per cent compared with 76 per cent among

men.

(ii) The proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs is still very small.

(iii) In almost all areas of work, women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly

the same work.

(iv) In many parts of India, parents prefer to have sons and find ways to have the girl-child

aborted before she is born.

Political expression of gender division has helped to some extent but not as much as is

required. Due to reservation of seats for women in the local government bodies, now there are

more than 10 lakh elected women representatives in rural and urban local bodies. But a lot

needs to be actually done in the society to end the gender divisions.

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS

Q.1. Write a note on the status of women in India.

How women in India still face discrimination and oppression in various ways? Explain

with four examples.

Ans. India has a patriarchal society, a society that gives more power to men, values them more and

gives them power over women. Even after so many years of independence, the status of women

is very low. The literacy rate of women is 54% as compared to 76% among men. There are

more women dropouts from school than among men. Parents want to spend more on boys’

education than on girls’. Even today, in many states of India, a girl-child is aborted before

birth. The sex ratio has fallen in many states like Haryana, Rajasthan, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh,

Bihar and Tamil Nadu. In 2001, according to the census, the average male-female ratio was

1000 : 933.

Though the government has passed Equal Wages Act, yet women are paid much less. There

are still no equal wages for equal work in the field of sports, movies, factories and fields,

the household work a woman does is given no importance or value. Women have hardly any

role in decision-making process. We can see this by the low percentage of women in the

Parliament, State assemblies, managerial posts, senior officials and among professionals and

technical workers.

India has celebrated “Year of the Child,” and “Year of the Women”. We had a woman

Prime Minister, but still the status of women is low. There have been some changes in

recent years, yet nothing much has been done. Reservation alone cannot solve this

problem. More power has to be given to women to find their rightful place at home and

in public affairs also.

Q.2. How does communalism take various forms in politics? Explain four forms.

Ans. Communalism can take various forms in politics :

(i) The most common expression of communalism is in everyday beliefs. It involves

religious, prejudices, belief in the superiority of one’s religion over others.

(ii) When it tries to have political dominance of one's own religious community, especially

by the majority community, it leads to the desire in minority community to form a

separate political unit.

(iii) Political mobilization on religious lines is another form of communalism. It involves the

use of sacred symbols, religious leaders, emotional appeal and plain fear in order to bring

the followers of one religion together in the political arena. In electoral politics, it leads

to emotional appeals to the voters of one religion in preference to others.

(iv) Sometimes communalism takes its ugliest form — communal violence, riots and

massacres. This we have seen in the case of India and Pakistan at the time of partition

of the country.

Q.3. How do women in our country still lag much behind men despite some improvement

since Independence? Explain with four examples.

Describe any four aspects of life in which women are discriminated in Indian society.

Ans. In India, women are supposed to bring up children and look after the home. They do all the

cleaning, washing, cooking, even tailoring. There is no value attached to this work. In rural

areas, women work in the fields, fetch water and fuel but are hardly paid anything.

In urban areas, middle-class women work in offices, factories etc. Poor women work as

domestic help, but none of them get the same wages as men. Their status is lower than that

of men. Men do not do any housework. They are excellent cooks or tailors but they take up

these jobs only when paid in hotels etc.

Q.4. How does casteism affect politics?

Explain any four forms of casteism in Indian politics.

Caste can take various forms in politics. Describe any four forms.

Ans. The caste can take following forms in politics :

(i) Sometimes candidates are chosen on the basis of their caste. When political parties choose

candidates, they keep in mind the caste composition of their voters.

(ii) In many places, voters vote on the basis of caste and fail to choose suitable candidates.

(iii) When a government is formed after elections, political parties take care that different

castes are represented in the government.

(iv) Political parties appeal to caste sentiments during elections.

(v) To gain support, political parties raise caste-based issues during elections. This they do

to get political support, as one man, one vote system or adult franchise has made the voter

very powerful.

(vi) The castes considered inferior or low until now have been made conscious of their rights

by the political parties.

Gender, Religion and Caste

Class 10th Social Science- Gender, Religion and Caste

Class 10^th Social Science- Gender, Religion and Caste