CBSE-Class-10-Social-Science-Question-bank-Geography-Chapter-6-Manufacturing-Industries

Class 10^th Social Science- Manufacturing Industries

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS

Q.1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below :

(i) Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material?

(a) Aluminium (b) Cement (c) Sugar (d) Jute

Ans. (b)

(ii) Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector plants?

(a) HAIL (b) SAIL (c) TATA Steel (d) MNCC

Ans. (b)

(iii) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?

(a) Aluminium (b) Cement (c) Jute (d) Steel

Ans. (a)

(iv) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer, etc?

(a) Steel (b) Electronics

Ans. (b)

Q.2. Answer the following questions briefly.

(i) Why is iron and steel industry termed as basic industry?

Ans. Basic or key industries supply their products as raw materials to other industries to

manufacture their goods.

Iron and steel industry is termed as a basic industry because

(a) it produces iron and steel which in turn is used for manufacturing machines, tools and

equipments. Machineries and tools are basic for any manufacturing process. Thus, iron

and steel industry plays a key role in the development of any manufacturing industry

and agriculture.

(b) iron and steel industry provides raw materials for heavy engineering, automobiles, ship

building, manufacturing of railway engines, locomotives, etc. The development of

these industries is dependent on the supply of iron and steel.

Many of the items used by us in our daily life, from a tiny nail to big railway

locomotives, are made of iron.

(ii) Describe four physical and four human factors that affect the location of an industry.

Ans. Industrial locations are complex in nature. They are influenced by a number of factors that

determine their location in region.

The physical factors that influence that location of industries are as follows :

(a) Availability of raw materials — Raw materials for industries range from agricultural

products to minerals. Raw material required for the industry must be available cheaply

and at close range or at well-linked places. In case of industries using bulky raw

materials like iron, bauxite, etc., the ideal location is near the sources of raw materials.

(b) Power resources — Power, energy or fuel is essential for the working of any industry,

for running machineries and as fuel for the furnaces and smelters. So, power resources

like coal and electricity must be available in abundance in the vicinity of the site

chosen for the industry.

textiles for processing, cleaning and cooling of machineries. So many industries are

located near rivers and other water bodies.

(d) Favourable climate — Climate affects production process, for example, humid

climate is suitable for spinning of cotton yarns. The industry must be located in an area

where the climate does not damage the raw materials or finished products.

Human factors influencing the location of industries are :

(a) Labour — Cheap and efficient labour must be available in the region surrounding the

industry for proper functioning of the industry.

(b) Capital — Industries require finances in large amounts. For setting up an industry in

a chosen site, large amount of cash guarantees and banking facilities are required.

influences the demand as well as type of goods produced in a region.

(d) Transport facilities — Well-linked road, railways or waterways must be available for

transfer of raw materials and manufactured products to and from the industrial area.

(iii) How do industries pollute the environment?

How does industrial pollution affect the environment.

Ans. Pollution is a negative effect of industrialisation. It results in degradation of the

environment and affects human health, animals, plants and the atmosphere as a whole.

It contributes to major environmental problems like land degradation, water scarcity, health

hazards and, on a larger scale, global warming and climate change.

Industries are responsible for four types of pollution, namely, air, water, land and noise.

Air pollution is caused by presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as

sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide, dust, sprays, mist and smoke in the atmosphere due

to emission from industrial units. Smoke emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick

kilns, refineries and smelting plants and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories

that ignore pollution norms cause enormous pollution.

Toxic gas leaks from factories are extremely hazardous.

Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affluents

discharged into rivers and other water bodies.

The main culprits in this regard are paper, chemical textiles and dyeing, petroleum

refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries. They let out dyes, detergents, acids, salts

and heavy metals like lead and mercury, pesticides, fertilisers, synthetic chemicals with

carbon, plastics and rubber, etc., into water bodies. They turn big and small rivers into

toxic streams.

Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging,

salts and garbage renders the soil useless due to land pollution. Rainwater percolates to

into the soil carrying these pollutants and contaminates ground water.

Noise pollution is by industrial and construction activities, machineries and factory

equipments, generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drills.

(iv) Briefly describe any four measures of controlling industrial pollution.

Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industries.

Ans. Careful planning of industries, better design equipment and better operation of the

equipments can prevent pollution to a great extent. Some measures to control industrial

pollution are

(a) Restricting use of fossil fuels can reduce smoke. Air pollution can be redued by

reduction of particulate matter, aerosol emission in the air by fitting smoke stacks to

factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.

(b) Water pollution can be controlled by (i) minimising use of freshwater by reusing and

recycling (ii) Treatment of hot water effluents before releasing them in rivers and other

water bodies. These include mechanical, biological, chemical and physical processes.

wastes in filling areas and recycling the wastes.

(d) Machinery and equipments and generators can be fitted with silencers or redesigned

to make them energy efficient and to reduce noise.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Q.1. The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of which of the following?

(a) Agriculture

(b) Infrastructural facilities

(d) Export trade

Ans. (c)

Q.2. How can industrialization assist in bringing in foreign exchange?

(a) Modernization of agriculture

(b) Removing dependence on agriculture

by providing alternative employment

(d) Import of manufactured goods

Ans. (c)

Q.3. Which of the following developments usually follows industrial activity?

(a) Agriculture (b) Urbanization

Ans. (b)

Q.4. In which of the following groups of cities were most of the manufacturing units located in the pre-independence

period?

(a) Delhi, Kanpur, Moradabad

(b) Bangalore - Hyderabad

(d) Chandigarh, Ludhiana, Amritsar.

Ans. (c)

Q.5. Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centers known as agglomeration economies. Which of the following are the main advantages provided by cities to industries?

(a) Market and services

(b) Agricultural products and minerals

(d) Suitable climate and services

Ans. (a)

Q.6. Which of the following is not a factor of production?

(a) Land (b) Raw materials

Ans. (b)

Q.7. Which of the following industries is in private sector?

(a) Dabur (b) BHEL

Ans. (a)

Q.8. Oil India Limited (OIL) belongs to which of the following types of industries?

(a) Public sector

(b) Private sector

(d) Cooperative sector

Ans. (c)

Q.9. Which of the following industries belongs to the category of heavy industries?

(a) Watches (b) Shipbuilding

Ans. (b)

Q.10. Which of the following techniques of cotton textile production came into use after the 18th century?

(a) Power looms

(b) Hand-spinning

(d) Zari embroidery

Ans. (a)

Q.11. When and where was the first successful textile mill established in India?

(a) In Ahmedabad in 1858

(b) In Chennai in 1954

(d) In Mumbai in 1854

Ans. (d)

Q.12. Sixty percent of sugar mills are concentrated in which of the following states?

(a) Punjab and Haryana

(b) Maharashtra and Gujarat

(d) West Bengal and Orissa

Ans. (c)

Q.13. On the basis of character of raw material and finished product, iron and steel industry belongs to which

category?

(a) Heavy industry

(b) Medium industry

(d) Perishable goods industry

Ans. (a)

Q.14. Which of the following public sector steel plants of India is located near a port?

(a) Durgapur (b) Vijaynagar

Ans. (d)

Q.15. Which of the following is the effect of liberalisation and foreign direct investment on iron and steel industry of India?

(a) Lower productivity of labour

(b) High costs and limited availability of

coking coal

(d) Boost to the industry

Ans. (d)

Q.16. Which of the following is not an inorganic chemical?

(a) Sulphuric acid

(b) Petrochemicals

(d) Alkalies

Ans. (b)

Q.17. Which of the following inorganic chemicals is used for the making of glass, soaps, detergents and paper?

(a) Soda ash (b) Sulphuric acid

Ans. (a)

Q.18. Which of the following industries is the largest consumer of chemicals?

(a) Fertilisers (b) Textiles

Ans. (c)

Q.19. Which of the following led to expansion of the fertilizer industry?

(a) Liberalisation and foreign direct

investment

(b) MNCs (multinational corporations)

(d) All the above

Ans. (c)

Q.20. When and where was the first cement plant set up in India?

(a) Chennai in 1904

(b) Porbandar in 1924

(d) Kottayam in 1967

Ans. (a)

Q.21. Which of the following cities is one of the centers around which automobile industry is located?

(a) Gurgaon (b) Jaipur

Ans. (a)

Q.22. Which of the following cities is the electronic capital of India?

(a) Delhi (b) Mumbai

Ans. (c)

Q.23. Which of the following is an electronics industry?

(a) HMT, Bengaluru

(b) TISCO, Jamshedpur

(d) BALCO, Korba

Ans. (c)

Q.24. Which of the following industries has been a major foreign exchange earner in the last few years?

(a) Electronics Industry

(b) Information Technology Industry

(d) Tourism Industry

Ans. (b)

Q.25. Which of the following is a negative effect of industrialization?

(a) Economic growth

(b) Pollution

(d) Rapid urbanization

Ans. (b)

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS

Q.1. The economic strength of the country is measured by which of the following developments ?

(a) The development of the

manufacturing industries.

(b) The development of the literacy ratio.

(d) The development of the population

growth.

Ans. (a)

Q.2. What is the correct meaning of agglomeration economies?

(a) Many industries set up in rural Centers

(b) Industries are basically agro-based.

(d) Industries set up produce raw material for secondary sector.

Ans. (c)

Q.3. Which one of the following is not true regarding the Iron and Steel industry in India?

(a) India is the largest producer of sponge

iron.

(b) Most of the public sector undertakings market their steel through the Steel Authority of India.

(d) As a leading iron and steel producing country, India does not need to import steel from other countries.

Ans. (d)

Q.4. Which one of the following industries, due to its seasonal nature, is ideally suited to the cooperative sector ?

(a) Sugar (b) Jute textile

Ans. (a)

Q.5. Which one of the following air services provides services to Oil and Natural Gas Commission in its off-shore operations ?

(a) Indian Airlines

(b) Air India

(d) Alliance

Ans. (c)

Q.6. Regular supply of electricity and an assured source of raw material at minimum cost are the two prime

factors for the location of which one of the following industries :

(a) Iron and Steel (b) Automobile

Ans. (c)

Q.7. Where was the first Cement Plant set up in India ?

(a) Mumbai (b) Kolkata

Ans. (c)

Q.8. Manufacturing Industries are placed in :

(a) Primary sector

(b) Secondary sector

(d) Service sector

Ans. (b)

Q.9. The first successful textile mill was established in :

(a) Delhi

(b) Vishakhapattnam

(d) Mumbai (Bombay)

Ans. (d)

Q.10. Textile industry is an example of:

(a) Agro based industry

(b) Co-operative sector industry

(d) Marine based industry

Ans. (a)

Q.11. Which one of the following is not true regarding the National Jute Policy of 2005 ?

(a) Creating awareness about the use of biodegradable materials

(b) Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers

(d) Improving quality of Jute

Ans. (a)

Q.12. Which one of the following factors has once again opened the opportunity for jute product?

(a) Increasing concern for the use of

biodegradable materials

(b) Increasing productivity

(d) Improving quality

Ans. (a)

Q.13. Which one of the following steel plants is located in Chhattisgarh ?

(a) Bokaro (b) Durgapur

Ans. (c)

Q.14. Most of the sugar industries are ideally suited to :

(a) Private sector (b) Joint sector

Ans. (c)

Q.15. Which one of the following agencies, market steel for the public sector plants ?

(a) HAIL (b) SAIL

Ans. (b)

Q.16. Which of the following group of factors is a prime group for the location of aluminium smelting plant?

(a) Capital and Market

(b) Raw material and Electricity

(d) Capital and Transport

Ans. (b)

Q.17. Small scale and large scale industries are classified on which basis?

(a) Capital investment

(b) Ownership

(d) Source of raw materials

Ans. (a)

Q.18. Which one of the following factors is considered as the most prominent one in industrial location in a region ?

(a) Availability of raw materials

(b) Market

(d) None of these

Ans. (a)

Q.19. Which one of the following cities is known as electronic capital of India ?

(a) Srinagar (b) Noida

Ans. (c)

Q.20. Which one of the following groups of states have the largest number of cotton textile centers ?

(a) Gujarat and Maharashtra

(b) Karnataka and Tamil Nadu

(d) Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat

Ans. (a)

Q.21. Which one of the following countries has the largest installed capacity of spindles in the world ?

(a) India (b) China

Ans. (b)

Q.22. The National Jute Policy with an objective to improve the production for the Indian farmers was formulated in the year :

(a) 2000 (b) 2005

Ans. (b)

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q.1. ‘Agriculture and industry move hand in hand.’ Elucidate.

'Agriculture and industry are complimentary to each other.’ Justify the statement.

Ans. A close relationship exists between agriculture and manufacturing industries. Each of them

compliment each other.

Each of them serves as market for goods produced by the other and in the process raises

demand for each other's goods.

For example, the agro-based industries, like textiles, sugar, etc., depend upon agriculture for

raw materials. These industries have given a major boost to agriculture by raising their demand

and hence, productivity. Manufacturing industries sell the products such as irrigation pumps,

fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, agricultural machineries and tools,

etc., to the farmers. Agriculture serves as their market and effects their development.

These inputs from industries assists agriculturists in increasing productivity as well as have

made the production processes very efficient.

Q.2. Why did the traditional cotton textile industry of India receive a setback during the

colonial period?

Ans. The traditional cotton textile industry of India suffered a setback during the colonial period

because of competition from mill-made cloth from England. In England cotton textiles were

produced in large quantities with the help of powerloom. The surplus was sold in India for

profit as India was then a colony of England. Mill-made cloth was cheaper on account of large

scale production. On the other hand, our traditional textiles used ancient techniques like handspinning

and handloom weaving. Hence, its production could not compete with mill-made

cloth of England.

Q.3. What is the ideal location for sugar mills? Why is this industry ideally suited to the

cooperative sector?

Ans. Sugarcane, the raw material used in sugar industry, is bulky, and its sugar content reduces in

haulage and time lag between reaping and sugar production. Therefore, the ideal location for

sugar mills is in close proximity of sugarcane producing areas.

The sugar industry is seasonal in nature and so is ideally suited to the cooperative sector. For

entire year the farmers are engaged in producing sugarcane as it is an annual crop. When the

crop is reaped, the farmers pool together their resources, set up mills within the sugarcane

producing areas and produce sugar. The seasonal nature of the sugar industry is combated by

setting up cooperative where farmers share the profits and losses.

Q.4. Which factors are responsible for shifting of sugar mills to southern and western states?

Mention two challenges faced by the industry.

Ans. In recent years, there is a tendency among the sugar mills to shift and concentrate in the

southern and western states, especially Maharashtra because

(i) the cane produced here has higher sucrose content and yields greater quantity of sugar.

(ii) the cooler climate here ensures longer crushing season as it prevents drying of cane.

(iii) cooperatives are more successful in these states.

Two challenges faced by sugar industry are :

(a) Seasonal nature of the industry.

(b) Old and inefficient methods of production.

Q.5. Why does the north eastern part of the Peninsular Plateau region have the maximum

concentration of iron and steel industries?

Ans. The north-eastern part of the Peninsular plateau, the Chhotanagpur plateau region, has the

maximum concentration of iron and steel industries because of the following reasons :

(a) The region has rich reserves of iron ore of mainly haematite variety. Availability of good

quality of iron ore at low cost, provides ideal location for setting up of iron and steel

industries.

(b) High grade coking coal is available from the coalfields of Jharkhand and West Bengal.

(d) The surrounding densely populated region supply cheap labour.

(e) The vast growth potential in the home market is an additional advantage. Local market

for the finished goods are provided by other industries using steel as raw material. Good

linkage of roads and railways helps in distribution of finished products all over the

country.

As iron and steel is a heavy industry, availability of raw materials like iron ore, coking coal

and limestone, all of which are bulky, as well as market within easy reach has provided the

region ideal location for setting up of iron and steel industries.

Q.6. What are the prime factors in location of aluminium smelting industries? Where are the

main aluminium smelting plants of the country located?

Ans. The prime factors in location of aluminium smelting industries are as follows :

(i) Assured source of raw material, bauxite, at minimum cost as it is a bulky material at 4

to 6 tonnes of bauxite are required to manufacture 1 tonne of aluminium.

(ii) 18600 kwh of electricity is required per ton of ore for smelting of aluminium. Hence,

regular supply of power is another important factor for location of the industry.

Orissa produces about 45 per cent of the India's bauxite. Hence, aluminium smelting plants are

located in Orissa. Also, the Hirakud dam provides cheap hydroelectricity for the development

of the aluminium industry in the state.

West Bengal, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu, are other

states where aluminium smelting plants are located. INDAL, HINDALCO, MALCO, NALCO

and Aluminium Corporation of India are names of the major smelting plants.

Q.7. What is the ideal location for setting up a cement factory? In which state does cement

industry have strategically located plants? Write about the present position of cement

industry in India.

Ans. Cement industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, alumina and

gypsum. Heavy costs are involved in the haulage of the raw materials. Hence, economically,

the ideal location for cement factories are near the sources of raw materials.

Apart from raw materials, coal and electric power is needed to provide energy for working of

the plants.

Nearness to rail transportation for supplying the bulky, finished products to the market is

another important locational factor.

The cement industry has strategically located plants in Gujarat that have suitable access to the

market in the Gulf countries. Dwarka, Porbandar, Veraval, Sikka and Bhavnagar, where cement

factories are set up in this state, lie along the coast. This facilitates the export of cement to

the Gulf countries in the west.

Decontrol of price and distribution since 1989 and some other policy reforms led the cement

industry to make rapid strides in capacity, process, technology and production. As a result, now

there are 128 large cement plants and 332 mini cement plants in India, producing a variety of

cement.

Improvement in the quality has provided the cement industry a ready market in East Asia,

Middle East and Africa along with the large demand in the domestic market. The industry is

doing well in terms of production. Its export is providing the country with substantial foreign

exchange.

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS

Q.1. Describe any three main features of chemical industry ?

Ans. (i) It is fast growing

(ii) Diversified

(iii) If comprises of both large and small scale manufacturing units

Q.2. Why is it important for us to improve our weaving sector instead of exporting yarn in

large quantities ?

Ans. India produces good quality of long staple cotton (9232 lakh bales in 2004-05), still she needs

cotton from import. India exports cotton yarn. If home weaving sector is developed it could

earn much benefits through proper utilization of cotton yarn.

Q.3. Explain any three factors that influence the location of an industry.

Ans. (i) Nearness to raw materials i.e., coal iron etc., is an important factor of industrial location,.

(ii) Market offers an important locational factor.

(iii) Besides, a plenty source of capital can invite industry in any location.

Q.4. What is the contribution of industry to national economy of India ? Compare it with

the East-Asian countries. What is the desired growth and present position of industry

in GDP ?

Ans. In India, the share of manufacturing sector has stagnated at 17 per cent of GDP – out of total

of 27 per cent for the industry. This is much lower in comparison to some East Asian

economics, where it is 25 to 35 per cent.

The desired growth rate over the next decade is 12 per cent per annum.

Q.5. Mention any two challenges faced by the jute industry in India. State any one step taken

by the government to stimulate its demand.

Ans. The two important challenges faced by the jute industry in India are as follows :

(i) stiff competition in the International market from synthetic substitutes and

(ii) to face challenges of competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand.

(iii) Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging is one step on this line.

Q.6. Mention any two factors that have contributed to a healthy growth of the automobile

industry in India ? Name two centers where this industry is located.

Ans. (i) The introduction of new and contemporary models stimulated the demand for vehicles in

the market.

(ii) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) brought in new technology and aligned the industry with

global developments. The two centers of automobile industry are Jamshedpur and

Gurgaon.

Q.7. What are the three main reasons for shifting of the sugar mills to Maharashtra in recent

years.

Ans. Three main reasons are as follows :

(i) The cane produced has a higher sucrose content.

(ii) The cooler climate which ensures a longer crushing season.

(iii) The cooperatives are more successful in these state.

Q.8. What is natural gas ? What is its advantages ? Name one region of India where its

reserves are found.

Ans. Natural gas is an important clean energy resource found in association with or without

petroleum. It is used as a source of energy as well as industrial raw materials in the

petrochemical industry.

A large reserves of Natural gas have been discovered in the Krishna-Godavari basin of Andhra

Pradesh.

Q.9. What are software technology parks ? State any two points of significance of Information

Technology industry in India ?

Ans. Software technology parks provide single window services and high data communication

facility to software experts. The two significant points of IT industries are as follows :

(i) It generates huge employment. Up to March 31, 2005, it employed over one million

persons, 30 percent of which are women.

(ii) The industry has been a major foreign exchange earner through growing Business

processes outsourcing (BPO) sources.

Q.10. Examine how can the industrial pollution of freshwater resources.

Ans. Fresh water sources are polluted by organic and inorganic wastes and affluent discharged by

industries into rivers. The main culprits are paper and pulp, chemical, textile petroleum,

refineries, tanneries etc. industries.

Q.11. Suggest any three measures to reduce the industrial pollution of freshwater resources.

Ans. (i) Minimizing use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more

successive stages.

(ii) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.

(iii) Treatment of hot water and affluent before releasing them in rivers and ponds.

Q.12. Mention any six factors responsible for the location of jute mills in the Hugli basin.

Ans. (i) Proximity of the jute producing areas.

(ii) Cheap water transport facilities.

(iii) Good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw

materials to the mills.

(iv) Abundant water for processing raw jute.

(v) Cheap labor from West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh.

(vi) Bank, insurance and port facilities for export of jute goods.

Q.13. Why is there a tendency for the sugar mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and

western states in India ? Explain any three reasons.

Ans. Three main reasons are as follows :

(i) The cane produced has a higher sucrose content.

(ii) The cooler climate which ensures a longer crushing season.

(iii) The cooperatives are more successful in these states.

Q.14. Distinguish between an integrated steel plant and a mini steel plants stating three points

of distinction.

Ans. (i) An Integrated steel plant is larger than Mini Steel Plant.

(ii) Mini steel plant use steel scrap and sponge iron while Integrated steel plant use basic raw

materials ie iron ore for making steel.

(iii) Mini steel plant produces mild and alloy steel while integrated steel plant produces only

steel.

Q.15. Explain any three problems faced by cotton textile industries in India.

Ans. Three problems faced by cotton textile industries in India are as follows :

(i) power supply is erratic and machineries are back dated.

(ii) Output of labor is low.

(iii) Facing stiff competition with the synthetic fiber industry.

Q.16. Explain any three ways to control environmental degradation caused by industries.

Ans. (i) Minimizing use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more

successive stages.

(ii) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.

(iii) Treatment of hot water and affluent before releasing them in rivers and ponds.

Q.17. How are agriculture and industries interdependent on each other ? Explain any three

points.

Ans. Agriculture and industry go hand in hand.

(i) the agro-industries have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.

(ii) Agriculture needs pumps, fertilizers, insecticides etc, which creates demand for industry to

produce such items.

(iii) competitiveness of manufacturing industries as well as efficiency of production processes

are both improved.

Q.18. How do industries create thermal and noise pollution ? Mention their consequences.

Ans. Hot water from factories when is allowed to flow into rivers and ponds is caused thermal

pollution. Thermal pollution would effect on aquatic life greatly. Industrial and constructional

activates by huge machineries create unwanted sound of intolerable nature which impaired

human ears and nervous breakdown.

Q.19. Distinguish between agro based and mineral based industries. Also give two examples of

each.

Ans. This is self-explanatory. Agro based industries depend upon Agricultural products while

mineral based industries depends upon mineral resources. Cotton and jute are the example of

agro based industry while Iron and steel, aluminum are mineral based.

Q.20. Why is iron and steel industry called as the basic and heavy industry ?

Ans. Iron and steel industry is called basic heavy industry because its

(i) large scale of operation both input and output.

(ii) It's output ie, steel is used for making machineries, construction, defense etc. purposes as

basic raw materials. Therefore it is called basic industry.

Q.21. “Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other. They move hand in hand.”

Justify the statement with any three suitable arguments.

Ans. Agriculture and industry go hand in hand.

(i) the agro-industries have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity

(ii) Agriculture needs pumps, fertilizers insecticides etc., which creates demand for industry to

produce such items.

(iii) competitiveness of manufacturing industries as well as efficiency of production processes

are both improved.

Q.22. Why is cotton textile industry the largest industry in India today ? Give any three reasons.

Ans. (i) Cotton textile industry contributes 14 percent of the total industrial production.

(ii) It provides employment to 35 million persons directly – the second largest after

agriculture.

(iii) It earns foreign exchange of about 24.6 percent (4 percent of GDP).

Q.23. How does the industrial pollution degrade the environment ? Explain with three

examples.

Ans. The three types of pollution caused by industries are air pollution, water pollution and Noise

pollution. (i) Air pollution through spewing of smoke from industry pollute the air with Sulphur

dioxide and carbon monoxide. (ii) Industrial wastes and effluents discharged through industries

into rivers and ponds cause water pollution (iii) Besides, industrial and construction activities

generates noise pollution.

Q.24. Explain any three factors which influence industrial locations.

Ans. (i) Nearness to raw materials i.e., coal iron etc., is an important factor of industrial location,

similarly,

(ii) Market offers an important locational factor.

(iii) Besides, a plenty source of capital can invite industry in any location.

Q.25. Explain three major challenges faced by sugar industry in India.

Ans. Major challenges faced by sugar industry include the seasonal nature of the industry, old in

efficient methods of production; transport delay in reaching cane to factories and the need to

maximize the use of bagasse.

Q.26. Explain any three types of pollution caused by industries.

Ans. The three types of pollution caused by industries are air pollution, water pollution and Noise

pollution. (i) Air pollution through spewing of smoke from industry pollute the air with Sulphur

dioxide and carbon monoxide. (ii) Industrial wastes and effluents discharged through industries

into rivers and ponds cause water pollution (iii) Besides, industrial and construction activities

generates noise pollution.

Q.27. Why are most of the Iron and steel plants of India concentrated in Chhota Nagpur

plateau region ? Give three reasons.

Ans. Chhotanagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of steel plants because of the

following factors :

(i) Low cost of iron ore and high grade raw materials in proximity.

(ii) Cheap labor.

(iii) Vast growth potential in the home market.

Q.28. Why is fertilizer industry almost widespread throughout the country ? Give three

reasons.

Ans. (i) Spread of fertilizer industry rests on raw materials ie, coal, petroleum and natural gas and

hence it is located near to it.

(ii) After Green Revolution it is expanded to many parts of the country where agricultural

prosperity is achieved.

(iii) Fertilizer can be transported through pipelines to far off places which causes

decentralization.

Q.29. Explain any three factors responsible for the location of cotton textile industry in

Mumbai and Ahmedabad.

Ans. (i) Availability of raw cotton, market, transport including accessible port facilities (ii) cheap

labour and (iii) moist climate have caused the concentration of cotton textile industries in

Mumbai and Ahmedabed region.

Q.30. Study the table given below and answer questions that follow :

Total Finished Steel Production in India.

YEAR production

(in million tons per annum)

1950-51 1.04

1960-61 2.39

1970-71 4.64

1980-81 6.82

1990-91 13.53

1997-98 23.40

2004-05 32.60

(a) What was the total finished steel production in India in 1950-51 ?

(b) How much and steel production increase in 2004-2005 as compared to the production in

1950-51 ?

(c) Why is the per capita consumption of steel low in India ?

Ans. (a) 1.04 million tons.

(b) 31.56 m. tons.

Q.31. What is the meaning of manufacturing industry ? Why is it considered the backbone of

economic development ? Give two reasons.

Ans. Production of good, in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable

products is called manufacturing industry. Manufacturing industry is considered as the

backbone of economic development from the point of view (i) It helps in modernizing

agriculture which is the backbone of our economy. (ii) Export of manufactured goods expands

trade and commerce and brings much needed foreign exchange.

Q.32. Mention any three objectives of National Jute Policy, 2005.

Ans. (i) Increasing productivity.

(ii) Improving quality.

(iii) Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per Hectare.

Q.33. India is an important iron and steel, producing country in the world, yet we are not able

to perform to our full potential’ Give any three reasons.

Ans. (i) High costs and limited availability of cooking coal.

(ii) Lower productivity of labor.

(iii) Irregular supply of energy.

Q.34. Where was the first cement plant set up in India? Explain any two reasons for the fast

expansion of cement industry in India.

Ans. (i) In Chennai in 1904.

(ii) Decontrol of price and distribution since 1989 and other policy reforms.

(iii) Rapid growth of construction activities all over India.

Q.35. “The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing

industries”. Elaborate the statement.

Ans. Resource utilization cannot be made without manufacturing industry. Manufacturing industry

transforms raw materials into finished products which added value to it. Countries having a

good number of manufacturing industry can able to utilize resources more fruitfully and are

therefore they considered as advanced country. India's contribution to manufacturing industry

is 17 per cent as compared to 30 percent for Japan and 25 percent for France respectively.

Q.36. Explain any three factors which are responsible for decentralization of cotton industry in

India.

Ans. (i) Cater to the needs of large domestic markets.

(ii) Cotton growing areas spreader over many new areas – Rajasthan, Punjab.

(iii) Decentralized to provide scope of incorporating traditional skills and design weaving in

cotton silk, zari and embroidery etc.

Q.37. Explain any three factors that affect the location of industries in a region.

Ans. Industrial locations are complex in nature. They are influenced by both physical and human

factors. Three important factors that influence the location of industries in a region are as

follows :

(i) Availability of raw material — Raw materials required for the industry must be

available cheaply and at close range or at well-linked places. In case of industries using

bulky raw material like iron, bauxite, etc., the ideal location is near the raw material sources.

(ii) Power resources — Power, energy or fuel is essential for the working of any industry.

They are required for running the machines and as fuel in smelters in case of mineral

based industry. So, power resources like coal and electricity must be available in

abundance in the vicinity where an industry is located.

(iii) Market — The goods produced must have a market for their sale. The market influences

the demand as well as type of goods produced in a region. For example, cold regions like

Jammu and Kashmir will have requirement for woolen garments. So woolen textiles

will be located in that region. Consumer goods industries and automobile industries are

located near big towns and cities.

Q.38. How do industries pollute air and water? Explain with examples.

Ans. Pollution is a negative effect of industrialization. It adversely affects the environment and

degrades it.

Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as Sulphur

dioxide and carbon monoxide, dust sprays, mist and smoke in the atmosphere due to emission

from industrial units. Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries

and smelting plants and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution

norms. These cause respiratory diseases among the people working or living in such areas.

Toxic gas leaks as during the Bhopal Gas Tragedy can be hazardous with long-term ill effects.

Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluent discharged

into rivers.

The main culprits in this regard are paper, pulp, chemical textile and dyeing, petroleum

refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries. These let out dyes, detergents, acids, salts

and heavy metals like lead and mercury, pesticides, fertilizers, synthetic chemicals with carbon,

plastics and rubber, etc., into water bodies. They turn big and small rivers into toxic streams.

Iron and steel slags are dumped into water bodies, especially rivers, destroying aquatic life and

making the water unfit for use.

The pollution of the Ganga and the Yamuna are examples of water pollution caused by industries.

Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants are

drained into rivers or other water bodies.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q.1. Classify industries on the basis of :

(a) Capital investment, (b) Ownership (c) Bulk and weight of raw material and

(d) Finished product.

Ans. Industries can be classified into the following categories :

(a) On the basis of capital investment :

(i) Large scale industries make large capital investment of more than one crore of

rupees. They employ large numbers of people and use a large number of

machineries, e.g. cotton textile.

(ii) Small scale industries involve capital outlay of less than one crore rupees, employ

a smaller number of laborers and use few power driven machineries, e.g. cycle

parts manufacturing.

(b) On the basis of ownership :

(i) Public sector industries are owned and operated by government agencies, e.g.

Rourkela Steel Plant.

(ii) Private sector industries are owned and operated by an individual or a group of

individuals, e.g. Bajaj Auto Ltd.

(iii) Joint sector industries are jointly run by the state and individual entrepreneurs

e.g. Oil India Ltd.

(iv) Cooperative sector industries are owned and managed by the producers and

suppliers of raw materials or by workers. They pool in their resources and share the

profits and losses proportionately, e.g., sugar industry in Maharashtra.

(c) On the basis of bulk or weight of raw material and finished products :

(i) Heavy industries use bulky raw materials and their finished products are also heavy,

e.g., iron and steel industry.

(ii) Light industries use light raw materials and their finished products are also light,

eg. electrical industries producing bulbs.

Q.2. Mention the factors responsible for localization of cotton textile industry in Maharashtra-

Gujarat region in early years. What factors were responsible for the decentralization of

the industry? Mention three main problems faced by the industry. What is the

contribution of textile industry to Indian economy?

Ans. The favorable factors for the location of cotton textile industry in Maharashtra–Gujarat region

in early years were as follows :

(a) Availability of raw cotton from the cotton growing belt of Deccan in Maharashtra and

Gujarat.

(b) The port of Mumbai facilitating export of cotton goods and import of machineries and

other inputs.

(d) Market for the finished goods.

(e) Finance or capital from Parsi and Bhatia traders.

(f) Good transport network.

(g) Availability of cheap and skilled labour.

Huge market, development of transport network, banking facilities and availability of cheap

electricity contributed to the decentralisation of cotton mills in the country. Weaving is highly

decentralised to provide scope for incorporating traditional skills and designs of weaving in

cotton, zari, embroidary, etc., prevalent among local weavers in different parts of India.

Three major problems faced by cotton textile industries in India are :

(i) Erratic Power Supply.

(ii) Old and obsolete machinery and

(iii) Stiff competition with the synthetic fibre industry.

The textile industry occupies a unique position in the Indian economy :

(a) It contributes significantly to industrial production, 14 per cent of the total production of

industries comes from textiles.

(b) It provides employment to about 35 million people directly.

(d) Textiles contribute 4 percent towards GDP.

Q.3. How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants? Name the integrated

steel plants of India. What are the problems faced by this industry? What is India’s

present position with regard to manufacturing and consumption of iron and steel?

Ans. Mini steel plants are smaller, have electric and induction furnaces, and use steel scrap and

sponge iron as raw material. They may have re-rollers manufacturing bar and rods. They

produce mild and alloy steel and also liquid steel which are turned into ingots. They are

decentralized secondary units scattered across the country to meet local demands.

An integrated steel plant is large and handles everything in one complex from assembling raw

material and melting of iron ore in the blast furnace to steel making, rolling and shaping. They

are usually concentrated near the sources of raw materials and market.

Presently there are 10 integrated steel plant in India, which are as follows :

(a) Indian Iron and Steel Company, IISCO at Kulti and Burnpur, West Bengal.

(b) Tata Iron and Steel Company, TISCO at Jamshedpur, Jharkhand.

(d) Bhilai Steel Plant, at Bhilai, Chhattisgarh.

(e) Bokaro Steel Plant, at Bokaro, Jharkhand.

(f) Durgapur Steel Plant, at Durgapur, West Bengal.

(g) Rourkela Steel Plant, at Rourkela, Orissa.

(h) Vishakhapatnam Steel Plant, at Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.

(i) Salem Steel Plant, Salem, Tamil Nadu.

(j) Vijayanagar Steel Plant in Karnataka.

Though India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world, we are not able

to perform to our full potential largely due to the following problems faced by the industry:

(i) High costs and limited availability of coking coal.

(ii) Lower productivity of labor.

(iii) Irregular supply of energy.

(iv) Poor infrastructure.

Today with 32.8 million tons of steel production, India ranks ninth among the world crude

steel producers.

It is the largest producer of sponge iron. In spite of large quantity of production of steel, per

capita consumption of steel per annum is only 32 kg.

Q.4. In which region are most of the jute mills of India concentrated? Why? What are the

challenges faced by this industry? What step has resulted in the increase of internal

demands of jute in recent years?

Ans. Most of the jute mills of India are concentrated in the Hoogli basin in West Bengal. It is a

narrow belt 98 km long and 3 km wide along the Hoogli river.

The factors responsible for the localisation of the jute industry in this region are as follows :

(i) Proximity to the jute producing areas of Ganga-Brahmaputra basin. West Bengal is the

leading producer of raw jute in the country and provides the mills with the required raw

material.

(ii) Abundant water for processing of raw jute.

(iii) Cheap water transport, supported by a good network of railways and roadways, facilitates

the movement of raw materials to the mills.

(iv) Cheap labour from West Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh.

(v) Banking and insurance facilities from city of Kolkata.

(vi) Port facilities of Kolkata for export of jute goods.

Challenges faced by the jute industry are as follows :

(i) Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes.

(ii) Competition from other jute goods producing countries like Bangladesh, Philippines,

Thailand, Egypt and Brazil.

(iii) Decrease in demand for packing materials and jute carpet, and high cost of production.

(iv) Old and inefficient machineries.

To face the competition from synthetic fibres and other countries producing jute, government

has taken measures to boost up production of jute goods. In 2005, the National Jute Policy was

formulated with this objective. Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging has

resulted in the increase of internal demand of jute in recent years.

Q.5. Write about the role of Information Technology Industry in modern India. What are

software technology parks and where in India are they located?

Ans. Information Technology industry or IT as it is popularly known specialise in Research and

Development (R&D), manufacture of electronics and production of hardware and software. A

major impact of this industry in India has been on employment generation. Upto 31st March

2005, the IT industry employed over one million persons. This number was expected to

increase eight fold in the following 3 to 4 years. This means that by 2008-2009 the IT industry

was expected to provide employment to nearly 8 million people. The industry has also

provided employment opportunity to women, and about 30 percent of the people employed in

this sector are women.

The IT industry has been a major foreign exchange earner in the last few years because of its

fast growing Business Processes Outsourcing (BPO) sector.

The continuing growth in hardware and software is the key to the success of IT industry in India.

The IT industry has provided India a special position in the industrial world.

Software technology parks provide single window service and high data communication

facility to software exports. There are 18 software technology parks in India. They are located

at Srinagar, Mohali, Noida, Jaipur, Gandhinagar, Indore, Mumbai, Pune, Kolkata,

Bhubaneswar, Guwahati, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Mysore, Chennai, Thiruvananthapuram and

Vishakhapatnam.

Q.6. Discuss the role of NTPC in paving the way to control environmental degradation.

Ans. NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India. It has ISO certification for EMS

(Environmental Management System) 14001. The corporation has a proactive approach for

preserving the natural environment and resources like water, oil, gas and fuels in places where

it is setting up power plants. This is achieved through the following methods :

(a) Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing

equipment.

(b) Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.

(d) Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling

system and liquid waste management.

(e) Ecological monitoring reviews and online database management for all its power stations.

Manufacturing Industries

Class 10th Social Science- Manufacturing Industries

Class 10^th Social Science- Manufacturing Industries