The Age of Industrialisation

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

 

Q.1. The word ‘Orient’ refers to :

(a) All the countries outside Europe

(b) Countries to the east of the Mediterranean, usually referring to Asia

(c) Countries, which according to a western viewpoint, are traditional, mysterious and premodern

(d) Both (b) and (c)

Ans. (d)

Q.2. The picture of the “Two Magicians” shows

(a) Aladdin from the orient who built a beautiful palace with his magic lamp

(b) A modern mechanic who with his magic tool builds bridges, ships, towers and high-rise buildings

(c) The difference between East and West, Aladdin represents the East and the past and the mechanic, the West and

modernity

(d) All the above

Ans. (d)

 

Q.3. The new merchants could not set up business in the towns in Europe, because :

(a) the rules did not allow them to do so

(b) there were not enough products to start business with, as guilds had monopoly

(c) the powerful trade guilds and urban crafts made it difficult for new merchants to start business in towns and restricted their entry

(d) the merchants wanted to do business with village people

Ans. (c)

Q.4. How can we prove that the first symbol of factory system was cotton?

(a) Its production boomed in the late 18th century

(b) In 1760, Britain was importing 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton for its cotton industry

(c) By 1787, its import soared to 22 million pounds

(d) All the above

Ans. (d)

Q.5. Who are called Staplers and Fullers?

(a) A Fuller ‘fulls’ or gathers cloth by pleating

(b) Stapler ‘staples’ or sorts wool according to its fibre

(c) Both (b) and (c)

d) Staplers and Fullers are dyers

Ans. (c)

Q.6. Working for urban merchants was welcome for the peasants’ households because

(a) it gave a chance to countryside to compete with urban guilds

(b) proto-industrial production supplemented their shrinking incomes from cultivation and allowed fuller use of family’s labour resources

(c) it helped them to produce better while sitting at home

(d) none of the above

Ans. (b)

Q.7. Where and when did the earliest factories come up?

(a) In the beginning of the 18th century in England

(b) In the 1730s in England

(c) In the late 18th century in Europe

(d) None of the above

Ans. (b)

Q.8. Carding is a process :

(a) in spinning

(b) in weaving

(c) in which cotton or wool fibres are prepared for spinning

(d) in which finishing of cloth is done

Ans. (c)

Q.9. Which industry followed the cotton industry in England and why?

(a) The wool industry, because production of wool increased in England

(b) Iron and steel industry, because of the growth of railways from the 1840s in England and

in colonies in the 1860s

(c) Iron and steel industry, because textile industry was no longer important

(d) Mining industry, because of loss in textile industry

Ans. (b)

Q.10. Who invented the first steam engine and who improved upon it?

(a) James Watt produced the first steam engine and Newcomen improved it

(b) Richard Arkwright produced the first steam engine which Newcomen improved it

(c) James Watt improved the steam engine produced by Newcomen

(d) None of the above

Ans. (c)

Q.11. The typical worker in the mid-nineteenth century, according to historians, was:

(a) a machine operator (b) traditional craftsperson and labourer

(c) unskilled labourers (d) a technology expert worker

Ans. (b)

Q.12. Which of the following statements is/are not true about the life of workers in the early 19th century?

(a) Till the mid-nineteenth century, about 10% of urban population were extremely poor

(b) During the periods of economic slump (like the 1830s) the unemployment figures went up from 35 to 75 per cent

(c) The wages increased throughout the 19th century and welfare of workers improved

(d) The income of the workers depended on the period of employment and not the wage rate alone.

Ans. (c)

Q.13. The women in the woollen industry attacked the introduction of spinning jenny because

(a) fear of unemployment made the women workers hostile to the introduction of new technology

(b) the women did not know how to work the machine

(c) the women depended on hand-spinning

(d) all the above

Ans. (d)

Q.14. How can we prove that the old ports like Surat and Hooghly declined with the coming of the European companies?

(a) Exports from these ports fell dramatically

(b) In the last years of the 17th century, the gross value of trade that passed through Surat had been Rs 16 million. By the 1740s, it had slumped to Rs 3 million.

(c) The credit that financed the trade dried up

(d) The local bankers went bankrupt slowly

Ans. (b)

Q.15. A gomastha was :

(a) an officer of the East India Company who looked after the textile trade

(b) an officer of the Company who acted as a go-between the Company and Indian traders

(c) a paid servant of the Company who supervised weavers, collected supplies and examined the quality of the cloth

(d) none of these

Ans. (c)

Q.16. Which of the following statements is not true about how the Company prevented weavers from dealing with other buyers?

(a) The Company offered their weavers the highest rates

(b) The Company gave loans to weavers to purchase raw materials for their production

(c) Those who took loans had to sell the cloth they produced to the Gomasthas

(d) The weavers could not sell their product to any other trader

Ans. (a)

Q.17. In 1772, Henry Patulla, a Company official, had declared that

(a) Indian textiles would soon lose their charm and people will not buy them

(b) the demand for Indian textiles would never shrink as no other country produced goods of the same quality

(c) Indian textiles could never compete with mill-made goods

(d) none of the above

Ans. (b)

Q.18. The American Civil War caused new problems for Indian weavers. How?

(a) Indian weavers could not get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality

(b) The Americans stopped supplying raw cotton to Britain due to the Civil War and the latter turned to India, and exports from India increased raising the price of raw cotton

(c) Indian weavers could not afford to buy raw cotton at exorbitant prices

(d) All the above

Ans. (d)

Q.19. Weaving industry finally collapsed by the end of the 19th century. Why?

(a) All raw materials vanished from India

(b) Indian weavers took to other professions because of high prices of raw materials

(c) Indian factories came up and began flooding the market with machine-made goods

(d) The British totally monopolised the textile trade

Ans. (c)

Q.20. Which of the following causes led to the decline and collapse of weaving industry in India?

(a) By the 1850s, export markets collapsed, local markets shrank

(b) The cheap, machine-produced goods of Manchester glutted the Indian market

(c) The civil war in America stopped cotton exports to Britain which now imported raw cotton from India and Indian weavers were deprived of raw cotton which sold at exorbitant price

in India

(d) Both (b) and (c)

Ans. (d)

Q.21. The export of Indian yarn to China declined in 1906. Why?

(a) The Chinese started producing better yarn themselves

(b) Indians started using their own yarn at home

(c) Produce from the Chinese and Japanese mills flooded the Chinese market

(d) Indians started making cloth instead of exporting yarn

Ans. (c)

Q.22. A fly shuttle is:

(a) a mechanical device which increased production in factories, allowing weavers to operate large looms for wider cloths

(b) a mechanical device, used by weavers, moved by means of ropes and pullies

(c) the device which places horizontal threads (the weft) into the vertical threads (the warp)

(d) both (b) and (c)

Ans. (d)

Q.23. What items did Indian factories supply during the First World War?

(a) guns and other ammunition

(b) jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents, leather boots, horse and mule saddles, besides other things

(c) medicines for hospitals

(d) all the above

Ans. (b)

Q.24. The main interests of the European Managing Agencies, which dominated industrial production in India, were :

(a) tea and coffee plantations, acquiring land at cheap rates

(b) investing in mining, indigo and jute required for export trade

(c) both (a) and (b)

(d) products which were needed in India

Ans. (c)

Q.25. Which of the following statements is not true about the effect of the First World War on industrialisation in India?

(a) Indian mills had to double their production, during the war to supply the war needs

(b) New factories were set up, old ones ran multiple shifts

(c) New workers were employed, made to work longer hours

(d) Manchester exports to India doubled during the war years

Ans. (d)

Q.26. Why are advertisements needed to create new consumers?

(a) To make the consumers aware of products

(b) To make new products appear desirable and necessary

(c) To shape the minds of people, create new needs, a new culture and expand markets

(d) all of these

Ans. (d)

Q.27. Who among the following produced a popular music book that had a picture on the cover page announcing the Dawn of the Century?

(a) New Comen (b) James Watt

(c) E. T. Paul (d) Mathew Boulton

Ans. (c)

Q.28. Which among the following is associated with Gomasthas?

(a) Trader (b) Businessman

(c) Unpaid Servant (d) Supervisor appointed by the company

Ans. (d)

Q.29. Which one of the following factories was considered as a symbol of new era in England in the late eighteenth century?

(a) Iron and steel (b) Metal (c) Jute (d) Cotton

Ans. (d)

Q.30. How does advertisement help us to create new consumer?

(a) It makes products appear desirable and necessary

(b) It tries to shape the minds of people and create new needs

(c) It helps in expanding the markets for products

(d) All the above

Ans. (d)

Q.31. Name the person who created the cotton mill in England?

(a) Richard Arkwright (b) James Watt (c) Mathew Boulton (d) Newcomen

Ans. (a)

Q.32 Who devised the Spinning Jenny?

(a) Richard Arkwright (b) James Watt

(c) James Hargreaves (d) Samuel Luke

Ans. (c)

Q.33. The introduction of which new technology in England angered women?

(a) The spinning jenny (b) The underground railway

(c) The steam engine (d) None of these

Ans. (a)

Q.34. Which pre-colonial port connected India to the Gulf countries and the Red Sea ports?

 (a) Bombay (b) Hooghly (c) Surat (d) Machhalipatanam

Ans. (c)

Q.35. Where in India was the first cotton mill set up?

(a) Kanpur (b) Bombay (c) Ahmedabad (d) Madras

Ans. (b)

Q.36. Which one of the following Indian ports lost its importance during colonial rule?

 (a) Bombay (b) Calcutta (c) Surat (d) Madras

Ans. (c)

Q.37. Which of the following was not a European Managing Agency dominating industrial production in India?

(a) Andrew Yule (b) Bird Heiglers and Co.

(c) Jardine Skinner and Co. (d) Elgin Mills

Ans. (d)

Q.38. By which of the following phenomena was the pattern of industrial change in India conditioned?

(a) Colonial rule (b) Weakness of Mughal rule

(c) Poverty of the countryside

(d) Struggle between the European powers to control India

Ans. (a)

Q.39. Which one of the following was the job of the Gomastha?

(a) Supervise weavers (b) Collect supplies

(c) Examine the quality of the cloth (d) All the above

Ans. (d)

Q.40. The person who got people from villages, ensured them jobs, helped them settle in cities and provided them money in times of need was known as :

(a) Stapler (b) Fuller (c) Gomastha (d) Jobber

Ans. (d)

Q.41. Production processes involving carding, twisting, rolling and stapling are associated with :

(a) Textile Industry (b) Railway industry (c) Shipping industry (d) Glass industry

Ans. (a)

Q.42. Which one of the following problems was not faced by cotton weavers in India?

 (a) Export market had collapsed (b) They did not have good quality cotton

(c) Imported goods were cheap

(d) There were frequent strikes in Indian industries

Ans. (d)

Q.43. In Victorian Britain, the aristrocrats and bourgeoisie preferred hand-made goods as :

 (a) they were cheap (b) they could be obtained easily

(c) they were made of better material (d) they symbolised refinement and class

Ans. (d)

Q.44. Who improved the ‘Steam Engine’ produced by Newcomen?

(a) Marcopolo (b) James Watt (c) Hargreaves (d) Richard Arkwright

Ans. (b)

Q.45. Who was Dwarkanath Tagore?

(a) A social reformer (b) Musician (c) Industrialist (d) Painter

Ans. (c)

Q.46. Which were the most dynamic industries in Britain during the 19th century?

 (a) Cotton and metal (b) Metal and sugar (c) Ship and cotton (d) Cotton and sugar

Ans. (a)

Q.47. Where was the first Indian jute mill set up?

(a) Bengal (b) Bombay (c) Madras (d) Bihar

Ans. (a)

Q.48. Which of the following was not a problem of Indian weavers at the early 19th century?

 (a) Shortage of raw material (b) Clashes with Gomasthas

(c) Collapse of local and foreign market (d) Setting up of new factories

Ans. (b)

Q.49. When did the exports of British cotton goods increased dramatically?

 (a) in the early 17th century (b) in the early 18th century

(c) in the early 19th century (d) in the early 20th century

Ans. (c)

Q.50. Where was the first cotton mill set up in India?

(a) Ahemedabad (b) Kanpur (c) Bombay (d) Madras

Ans. (c)

Q.51. Which of the following mechanical devices used for weaving, with ropes and pullies, which helped to weave wide pieces of cloth?

(a) Handloom (b) Powerloom (c) Fly Shuttle (d) Spinning Jenny

Ans. (c)

Q.52. In 1911, 67 percent of the large industries were located in which one of the following places in India?

(a) Bengal and Bombay (b) Surat and Ahmedabad

(c) Delhi and Bombay (d) Patna and Lucknow

Ans. (a)

Q.53. Who among the following set up the first Indian jute mill in Calcutta in 1917?

 (a) Seth Hukumchand (b) G.D. Birla

(c) Jamsedjee Nusserwanjee Tata (d) None of the above

Ans. (a)

Q.54. What was “Spinning Jenny”?

(a) A machine (b) A person (c) An industry (d) None of the above

Ans. (a)

Q.55. Who established six joint stock companies in India during 1830-40?

(a) Jamsedji Nusserwanjee Tata (b) Dinshaw Petit

(c) Seth Hukumchand (d) Dwarkanath Tagore

Ans. (d)

Q.56. Which one of the following ports decayed by the end of the eighteenth century?

 (a) Calcutta (b) Goa (c) Surat (d) None of the above

Ans. (c)

Q.57. In which one of the following years did the first cotton mill in Bombay (Mumbai) come up?

(a) 1854 (b) 1855 (c) 1862 (d) 1874

Ans. (a)

Q.58. Who among the following was usually employed by the industrialists to get new recruits?

(a) Gomastha (b) Policeman (c) Sepoy (d) Jobber

Ans. (d)

Q.59. In which one of the following years did the earliest factories in England come up?

(a) 1710 (b) 1720 (c) 1730 (d) 1740

Ans. (c)

Q.60. Whom did the British government appoint to supervise weavers, collect supplies and examine the quality of cloth?

(a) Jobber (b) Sepoy (c) Policeman (d) Gomastha

Ans. (d)

Q.61. Which among the following cities had trade links with South Asian ports?

(a) Masulipatam and Hoogly (b) Masulipatam and Surat

(c) Surat and Bomaby (Mumbai) (d) None of the above

Ans. (a)

Q.62. Which one of the following European managing agencies did not control Indian industries?

(a) Bird Heiglers and Company (b) Andrew Yule

(c) Indian Industrial and Commerce Congress (d) Jardine Skinner and Company

Ans. (c)

Q.63. Which of the following helped the spread of handloom cloth production?

(a) Import duties (b) Government regulations

(c) Technological changes (d) Imposition of export duties

Ans. (c)

Q.64. Surat and Hooghly were replaced with :

(a) Bombay and Orissa (b) Bombay and Calcutta

(c) Masulipatam and Calcutta (d) None of the abvoe

Ans. (b)

Q.65. Who produced the Steam Engine?

(a) James Watt (b) James Mill (c) Newcomen (d) Crompton

Ans. (c)

Q.66. Industrial Revolution refers to :

(a) Mass production by factories (b) Collection of raw material

(c) Process of raw material (d) None of these

Ans. (a)

Q.67. Which of the following were the pre-colonial ports of India?

(a) Surat and Masulipatam (b) Madras and Hoogly

(c) Madras and Bombay (d) Bombay and Hoogly

Ans. (a)

Q.68. Which of the following was the main function of jobber, employed by the industrialists?

(a) To collect money (b) To set up industries

(c) To get a new recruit (d) To supply raw material

Ans. (c)