The Making of a Global World

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

 

Q.1. ‘Globalisation’ today mainly refers to :

(a) Trade, migration of people in search of work

(b) Movement of capital

(c) An economic system that has emerged in the last 50 years

(d) Cultural links among world societies

Ans. (c)

Q.2. Who were the first people to link the world in ancient times and why?

(a) Priests and pilgrims travelled vast distances for knowledge and spiritual fulfilment

(b) Travellers, traders, priests and pilgrims travelled vast distances for knowledge, opportunity, spiritual fulfilment or to escape persecution

(c) Traders

(d) All the above

Ans. (b)

Q.3. The main reason why the world “shrank” in the 1500s is :

(a) Emergence of Europe as the centre of world trade

(b) China’s retreat into isolation and its reduced role in politics

(c) Slaves working in plantations, growing sugar and cotton for European markets

(d) European sailors found a sea route to Asia, and also crossed the Atlantic and discovered America.

Ans. (d)

Q.4. Which of the following statements is a true definition of what the economists identify as “flows”?

(a) Trade in goods (cloth or wheat), migration of people in search of employment and movement of capital for short-term or long-term investments over long distances

(b) Economic, social, cultural and technological exchanges

(c) Self-sufficiency in food and no imports of food

(d) All the above

Ans. (a)

Q.5. The two evidences we have of India carrying on an active coastal trade in ancient times are :

(a) Indians carried goods, money, skills and ideas abroad

(b) An active coastal trade, as early as 3000 BC, linked Indus Valley Civilisation with presentday West Asia

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) For more than a millennium, cowries (a form of Indian currency) found its way from Maldives, to China and East Africa.

Ans. (c)

Q.6. The most powerful weapon, which the Spanish conquerors of America had, was :

(a) superiority in conventional weapons

(b) germs, such as those of small pox, proved a deadly killer and paved the way for conquest

(c) America’s original inhabitants had no immunity against diseases that came from Europe

(d) both (b) and (c)

Ans. (d)

Q.7. Beside clearing land, what else was needed to increase food production in the world in the 19th century?

(a) Railways to link agricultural regions, harbours to be expanded or built for new cargoes

(b) Building homes and settlements for those working on land

(c) Capital and labour

(d) All the above

Ans. (d)

Q.8. The number of people who migrated from Europe to America and Australia and other parts of the world in the 19th century was nearly

(a) 10 million from Europe and 100 million from all over the world.

(b) 20 million from Europe and about 150 million from all over the world

(c) 50 million people from Europe to America and Australia and 150 million from all over the world migrate

(d) The number is not certain, not enough proof

Ans. (c)

Q.9. The dramatic changes in global agricultural economy by 1890, were :

(a) Food no longer came from a nearby village but from thousands of miles away, grown by a migrant recently arrived

(b) Food was transported by railways recently built and ships manned by low-paid workers from southern Europe, Asia, Africa

(c) Forests were converted into large farms, leading to ecological changes

(d) All the above

Ans. (d)

Q.10. Indentured labour means :

(a) Labour, which is marked by identification marks on their bodies

(b) A bonded labourer, under contract to work for a specific time for his employer, to pay off his passage to a new country or home

(c) A slave brought in a share market

(d) All the above

Ans. (b)

Q.11. The example of indentured labour’s migration from India illustrates :

(a) The two-sided nature of the 19th century world

(b) A world of faster economic growth as well as great misery, higher income for some and poverty for others

(c) Technological advances in some areas, new forms of coercion in others

(d) All the above

Ans. (d)

Q.12. In the 19th century hundreds of thousands of Indian and Chinese labourers went to work on :

(a) Farms all around the world

(b) In factories, in Africa

(c) In mines, plantations, road and railway construction projects around the world

(d) In the diamond and gold mines of South America

Ans. (c)

Q.13. Indian nationalist leaders began opposing the system of indentured labour migration from the 1900s because :

(a) They considered it abusive, cruel and a new form of slavery

(b) Indian indentured workers were considered “coolies” in the Caribbean

(c) The minority migrants were given few legal rights, and their living and working conditions

were harsh

(d) All the above.

Ans. (a)

Q.14. Name one Nobel Prize winning writer who was a descendant of indentured labour migrants :

(a) Shivnaraine Chander Paul (b) Ramnaresh Sarwan

(c) V.S. Naipaul (d) Ram Narain Tewary

Ans. (c)

Q.15. Indentured labour system was abolished in India in :

(a) 1900 (b) 1920 (c) 1921 (d) 1922

Ans. (c)

Q.16. The reasons why the inflow of fine Indian cotton into Britain and other countries declined in the 19th century were :

(a) Industrialisation and expansion of cotton manufacture in Britain

(b) Imposition of tariff on cloth imported into Britain to protect local industries

(c) British manufacturers began to seek overseas markets for their cloth, Indians faced stiff competition in international markets

(d) All the above

Ans. (d)

Q.17. Which Indian town is shown in the picture and why ?

(a) Mumbai, it was a big industrial city in India

(b) Kolkata, a distant view with the river in background

(c) A distant view of Surat and its river— in the

17th and early 18th centuries, it was the centre of overseas trade in western Indian ocean.

(d) Goa, a seaport, which traded with other  countries

Ans. (c)

 

Q.18. The British ‘trade surplus’ with India in the 19th century helped Britain :

(a) To balance its trade deficits with other countries

(b) It helped to pay home charges that included private remittances by British officials and traders

(c) Britain could pay interest payments on India’s external debts and pensions of British officials in India

(d) All the above

Ans. (d)

Q.19. The foods introduced in Europe after Christopher Columbus accidentally discovered the vast continent, later known as America, were :

(a) Spaghetti and noodles

(b) Potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, chillies and sweet potatoes

(c) Pasta and potatoes

(d) All the above

Ans. (b)

Q.20. The Europeans brought to Africa a devastating disease which destroyed :

(a) Rinderpest, a disease carried by infected cattle, imported from British Asia to feed Italian soldiers

(b) 90 percent of cattle in Africa by 1897

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of the above

Ans. (c)

Q.21. The Second World War was fought between :

(a) America and Europe

(b) USA & England and Germany & Japan

(c) The Allies (Britain, France, Soviet Union and the US) and the Axis powers (Nazi Germany, Japan and Italy)

(d) The USA, England and France and Germany and Italy

Ans. (c)

Q.22. From whom could a humble Indian peasant borrow capital for growing food and other crops for the world market?

(a) From Indian bankers like Shikaripuri Shroffs and Nattu Kotai

(b) From traders and moneylenders like Hyderabadi Sindhis, who followed European colonisers into Africa

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) All the above

Ans. (c)

Q.23. Which of the following statements support the view that the Second World War was unlike other wars?

(a) More civilians than soldiers died from war-related causes

(b) Vast parts of Europe and Asia were devastated, several cities were destroyed by aerial bombardments and artillery attacks

(c) Most of the deaths took place outside the battlefields

(d) All the above

Ans. (d)

Q.24. Post-war reconstruction was shaped by two crucial influences. They were :

(a) The US emerged as the dominant economic, political and military power in the western world

(b) The capitalist world collapsed

(c) The Soviet Union emerged as a world power

(d) Both (a) and (c)

Ans. (d)

Q.25. The dramatic change in global agricultural economy occurred in West Punjab, India. The similarity was :

(a) Building of irrigation canals to transform semi-deserts into fertile agricultural lands for

growing wheat and cotton for export

(b) Peasants from other parts of Punjab were settled in these canal colonies

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) Importing labour from southern India

Ans. (c)

Q.26. Trade in meat is chosen as an example of the role of technology in global agricultural economy because :

(a) technology promoted better living conditions at home and support for imperialism abroad

(b) frozen meat transported to Europe reduced the cost of shipping meat and made it affordable for the poor

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) Live animals were shipped from America to Europe, then slaughtered on arrival, this led to meat being unfit to be eaten.

Ans. (c)

Q.27. The decision-making in the IMF and the World Bank is controlled by :

(a) All the member-nations of these two banks

(b) Western industrial powers and the US’s right to veto over key IMF and World Bank decisions

(c) The Asian-African bloc

(d) A majority vote by all the nations

Ans. (b)

Q.28. Which of the following statements is true about the international monetary system?

(a) A system which links national currencies and monetary system

(b) A system based on fixed exchange rates, for example, Indian rupee was pegged to the dollar at a fixed rate

(c) The dollar was anchored to gold at a fixed price of $ 35 per ounce of gold

(d) All the above

Ans. (d)

Q.29. The European colonies in Asia and Africa after Independence faced the problems of :

(a) Overpopulation and illiteracy

(b) Burden of overwhelming poverty and a lack of resources

(c) The economic and social handicaps of long periods of colonial rule

(d) Dependence on the colonial powers for economic growth

Ans. (b)

Q.30. The IMF and the World Bank shifted their attention in the late 1950s towards the developing countries, because

(a) They wanted to dominate the economy of the developing nations.

(b) Europe and Japan had rapidly rebuilt their economies and did not need the help of IMF and World Bank

(c) The developing countries needed their help to fight (poverty and lack of resources)

(d) Both (b) and (c)

Ans. (d)

Q.31. The Group of 77 or G - 77 was :

(a) A group formed by western nations to exploit the developing nations

(b) A group formed by the developing countries to demand a new international economic order

(c) A protest against the western economic policies

(d) All the above

Ans. (b)

Q.32. Through the NIEO, the developing countries demanded :

(a) A system that would give them real control over their natural resources

(b) More development assistance and fairer prices for raw materials

(c) Better access for their manufactured goods in developed countries’ markets

(d) All the above

Ans. (d)

Q.33. MNCs are :

(a) Foreign companies that flourish in the developing countries

(b) Multinational corporations (or large companies) that operate in several countries at the same time

(c) Large companies that try to exploit small companies

(d) West European and Japanese companies which exploit the developing countries

Ans. (b)

Q.34. The worldwide spread of the MNCs in the 1950s and 1960s was partly due to :

(a) US businesses expanded in these years

(b) Western Europe and Japan became powerful industrial economies

(c) High import tariffs imposed by different governments forced the MNCs to locate their manufacturing operations and become domestic operators in many countries

(d) All the above

Ans. (c)

Q.35. Which of the following statements are reasons for the collapse of the system of fixed exchange rate in the 1960s?

(a) The rising costs of its overseas involvements weakened the US finances and competitive

strength

(b) The US dollar no longer commanded confidence as the world’s principal currency

(c) The US dollar could not maintain its value in relation to gold

(d) All the above

Ans. (d)

Q.36. Tariff means

(a) Any kind of tax on any product

(b) Tax imposed on a country’s imports levied at the point of entry, i.e., border or airport

(c) A tax imposed on income

(d) A tax imposed on exports

Ans. (b)

Q.37. The Second World War was a war fought for ___________ .

(a) 8 years, from 1930–1938 (b) 6 years, from 1939–1945

(c) 5 years, from 1939–1944 (d) 10 years, from 1939–1949

Ans. (b)

Q.38. Why did MNCs begin to shift production operations to low-wage Asian countries in the late 1970s?

(a) The industrial world was hit by unemployment from the mid-1970s to the early 1990s

(b) Low wages in countries like China reduced the cost of investments and made it easy for the MNCs to capture world markets

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) New economic policies in China and collapse of the Soviet Union

Ans. (c)

Q.39. “Bretton Woods” is associated with

(a) a post-war international system to preserve economic stability

(b) A United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference (held in July 1944, in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire)

(c) A peace settlement after the Second World War

(d) Both (a) and (b)

Ans. (d)

Q.40. The ‘Bretton Woods’ twins are :

(a) The USA and Soviet Russia

(b) The two international banks — The IMF and the World Bank – set up to finance post-war reconstruction

(c) The framework agreed upon by the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference

(d) All the above

Ans. (b)

Q.41. What is Rinderpest?

(a) a person (b) a disease (c) a place (d) monument

Ans. (b)

Q.42. Who made the best-cost cutting decision?

(a) Henry Ford (b) James Watt (c) James Ford (d) None of these

Ans. (a)

Q.43. Which among the following were considered as Allies Powers?

(a) Britain, France, Russia

(b) Germany, Austria - Hungary and Ottomon Turk

(c) Japan, France and Germany

(d) Britain, Japan and Russia

Ans. (a)

Q.44. Which one of the following institutions was established in the Bretton Wood Conference?

 (a) International Security Fund (b) International Monetary Fund

(c) Indian Monetary Fund (d) International Labour Organisation

Ans. (b)

Q.45. Who adopted the concept of an assembly line to produce automobiles?

(a) T. Cuppola (b) V. S. Naipaul (c) Henry Ford (d) Ramesh Sarwan

Ans. (c)

Q.46. Which among the following countries were considered as Axis Powers during Second World War?

(a) Nazi Germany, Japan, Italy (b) Britain, Germany, Russia

(c) France, Germany, Italy (d) Britain, France, Russia and the US

Ans. (a)

Q.47. Which one of the following did not travel along the silk routes in the pre-modern world?

 (a) Christian missionaries (b) Traders

(c) Tourists (d) Muslim preachers

Ans. (c)

Q.48. Which one of the following is a Nobel Prize winning writer who is a descendant of indentured labour from India?

(a) Salman Rushdie (b) V. S. Naipaul (c) Arundhati Roy (d) Bob Marley

Ans. (b)

Q.49. Which of the following West Indies cricketers trace their roots to indentured labour migrants from India?

(a) Vivian Richards and Gary Sobers

(b) Chris Gayle and Dwayne Bravo

(c) Ramnaresh Sarwan and Shivnaraine Chanderpaul

(d) Brian Lara and Courtney Walsh

Ans. (c)

Q.50. What is El Dorado in South America?

(a) It was the place where Columbus landed (b) Where silver mines were located

(c) A fabled city of gold (d) A famous slave market

Ans. (c)

Q.51. Which of the following statements is not true of mass production?

(a) Lowered cost and prices of goods (b) Stress-free working

(c) Increased output per worker (d) Assembly line production

Ans. (b)

Q.52. The introduction of which of the following crops led to European poor to eat better and live longer?

(a) Potato (b) Spaghetti (c) Tomatoes (d) Soya

Ans. (a)

Q.53. Nineteenth century ‘indenture’ has often been described as

(a) forced conscription (b) new system of slavery

(c) serfdom (d) None of these

Ans. (b)

Q.54. In which one of the following cities did the European powers meet in 1885 to divide Africa between themselves?

(a) London (b) New York (c) Berlin (d) Amsterdam

Ans. (c)

Q.55. Which one of the following countries has an effective right of veto over IMF and World Bank?

(a) India (b) the USA (c) Srilanka (d) Japan

Ans. (b)

Q.56. ‘Silk Route’ refers to

(a) Network of routes connecting China and Rome

(b) Network of routes connecting India and Rome

(c) Network of routes connecting China and India

(d) Network of routes connecting Asia with Europe and Northern Africa

Ans. (d)

Q.57. Most Indian indentured workers came from present regions of

(a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Bihar

(c) Dry districts of Tamil Nadu (d) All the above

Ans. (d)

Q.58. Which of the following allowed the British Government to restrict the import of corn?

(a) Food Act (b) Corn Act (c) Corn Laws (d) Import Act

Ans. (c)

Q.59. Which of the following was the most powerful weapon used by Spanish to conquer America?

(a) Atom Bomb (b) Navy (c) Germs (d) Poisonous gas

Ans. (c)

Q.60. From which century China is said to have restricted overseas contacts and retreated into isolation?

(a) 14^th (b) 15^th  (c) 16^th  (d) 17^th

Ans. (b)

Q.61. From which one of the following countries did Britian borrow large sums of money during first World War?

(a) United States of America (b) Russia

(c) Japan (d) Germany

Ans. (a)

Q.62. What is the name of the routes linking Asia with Europe and northern Africa?

(a) Asian routes (b) Silk routes (c) Trade routes (d) Africa routes

Ans. (b)

Q.63. People’s livelihoods and local economy of which one of the following was badly affected by the disease named Rinderpest?

(a) Asia (b) Europe (c) Africa (d) South America

Ans. (c)

Q.64. Who among the following discovered the continent of America?

(a) Vasco da Gama (b) Ferdinand Magellan

(c) Christopher Columbus (d) Copernicus

Ans. (c)

Q.65. Which one of the following countries passed Corn Laws to restrict the import of corn?

(a) India (b) France (c) China (d) Britain

Ans. (d)

Q.66. Which one of the following crops was not known to our ancestors until about five centuries ago?

(a) Potato (b) Rice (c) Wheat (d) Cotton

Ans. (a)

Q.67. Why did the wheat price in India fall down by 50 per cent between 1928 and 1934?

(a) Due to less production (b) Due to floods

(c) Due to Great Depression (d) Due to droughts

Ans. (c)

Q.68. Which was the main destination of Indian indentured migrants?

(a) Africa (b) Australia

(c) Trinidad and Guyana (d) All the above places

Ans. (c)

Q69. Which one of the following was the world’s first mass produced car?

(a) ‘T’ model car (b) Maruti car (c) BMW car (d) None of the above

Ans. (a)

Q.70. The United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference was held at Bretton Woods in (USA) in the year

(a) 1942 (b) 1943 (c) 1944 (d) 1945

Ans. (c)

Q.71. Who among the following was a well-known pioneer of mass production?

(a) Jamshedji Tata (b) G.D. Birla

(c) Henry Ford (d) None of the above

Ans. (c)

Q.72. According to which famous economist, Indian gold exports promoted global economic recovery?

(a) Paul Wood (b) John Maynard Keynes

(c) Amartya Sen (d) David Jones

Ans. (b)

Q.73. Which among the following is referred to as the ‘Bretton Woods twins’?

(a) The IMF and the World Bank (b) The IMF and the WTO

(c) The World Bank and the WTO (d) None of the above

Ans. (a)

Q.74. In which of the following years Rinderpest arrived in Africa?

(a) 1880 (b) 1882 (c) 1876 (d) 1885

Ans. (a)

Q.75. Which is the third type of movement identified by the economists of 19th century?

(a) Flow of trade (b) Flow of capital (c) Flow of labour (d) Flow of goods

Ans. (b)

Q.76. In which of the following years global agricultural economy had taken shape?

(a) By 1870 (b) By 1888 (c) By 1892 (d) By 1890

Ans. (d)

Q.77. Which one of the following was experienced during Great Depression of 1929?

(a) Increase in production and income (b) Increase in employment and trade

(c) Decrease in production and employment (d) All the above

Ans. (c)

Q.78. What were the “Corn Laws”?

(a) Laws to restrict the export of corn (b) Laws to restrict the import of corn

(c) Laws to restrict the improt and export of corn (d) None of the above

Ans. (b)

Q.79. Which of the following did not take part in the first World War?

(a) France (b) Germany (c) Portugal (d) England

Ans. (c)

Q.80. ‘Chutney’ music was popular in

(a) Trinidad (b) Canada (c) England (d) Germany

Ans. (a)

Q.81. When did the global agricultural economy start?

(a) 1894 (b) 1890 (c) 1892 (d) 1891

Ans. (b)

Q.82. Which of the following diseases proved a deadly killer for the people of America?

[2011 (T-1)]

(a) Cholera (b) Small pox (c) Plague (d) None of the above

Ans. (b)

Q.83. Which of the following powerful weapons was used by the Spanish conquerors to colonise Americas during the mid-seventeenth cuntry?

(a) Conventional military weapons (b) Modern military weapons

(c) Biological weapons (germs of smallpox) (d) Nuclear weapons

Ans. (c)

Q.84. In which year did the Great Depression start?

(a) 1928 (b) 1929 (c) 1930 (d) 1936

Ans. (b)

Q.85. Which of the following is the first European country that conquered America?

(a) The French (b) The English (c) The Spanish (d) The Germans

Ans. (c)

Q.86. Most Indian indentured workers came from

(a) Eastern U.P. (b) North-eastern states

(c) Jammu and Kashmir (d) None of the above

Ans. (a)