What are the non-material things?
Non-material things are the non-physical needs of the people. This includes equal treatment, freedom, security, respect etc. People prefer to earn more to fulfil their material as well as non-material needs.
What condition may allow women to take up a variety of jobs or run business?
One important condition that would allow women to take up work or do business is Women Empowerment. It means the social conditions prevalent, which guarantee equality and ability for a woman to enjoy all their rights, get access to resources, income and time, in order to take up employment of their liking or carry out a business for profit. Woman empowerment is aimed the holistic well-being of a woman.
According to the World Bank, What are low-income countries?
In World Development Report brought out by the World Bank, the countries with per capita income of USD 12736 per annum and above in 2013, are called rich countries and those with per capita income of USD 1570 or less are called low-income countries. India comes in the category of low middle-income countries because its per capita income in 2013 was just US$1570 per income.
What does BMI stand for?
BMI stands for Body Mass Index. It is the ratio of the height and weight of a person. It is a major indicator of the health of a person. If the BMI is less than 18.5, then the person in undernourished and if it is more than 25, then a person is considered overweight.
BMI= Weight (in kg)/ (Height)2 (in mm)
Start one cause of high infant mortality rate.
Infant Mortality rate indicates the number of children who die before the age of one year, as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular year. One reason for high mortality rate would be public distribution system which provides health and nutritional status to the state.
Which neighbouring country of India has better performance in terms of human development than India?
Sri Lanka is the neighbouring country of India has better performance in terms of human development than India. Sri Lanka is the island of the nation of south India in the Indian Ocean but yet it is better developed than India.
Why are countries of the Middle east not called ‘developed’ in spite of high per capita income?
Per capita income is calculated by dividing the total income of a country to the total population of that particular country. It shows the standard of living of the citizens of that particular country. A country with higher per capita income is more developed than others with less per capita income. But countries of the Middle East not called ‘developed’ in spite of high per capita income. The reasons are listed below:
1. Middle Eastern countries have become rich only with the resources available and they have high per capita income due to the oil production. So, they have only one major source of income.
2. Although these countries have very high per capita income, there is an unequal distribution of wealth. The gap between the rich and the poor is very high in these countries.
3. These countries are not considered developed because they lack other basic facilities such as health care and education. Without these basic facilities people of a country cannot contribute much to the national income and thus no development takes place.
Think of any three development goals of a boy from a rich urban family.
The three development goals of a boy from a rich urban family would be as follows:
1. He may think to get a quality education and pursue his studies abroad.
2. He may require the availability of vocational education and training.
3. He may require a new laptop for research work.
What is Human Development Index? Which organization HDI? Explain the three major indicators of HDI.
Human Development Index is the development of an individual in such a way that he can able to earn and fulfil his materialistic desire. UNDP or the United Nations Development Programme is the organization that measures HDI. Human Development Report 2006 published by UNDP, “Development is based on per capita income, educational levels of the people and their health status.” Therefore the three major indicators of HDI are the per capita income, education and status.
What is meant by sustainable economic development? Give its main features.
The regular process without harming the productivity of future generation and satisfy the need of the present generation is known as sustainable economic development. This concept stresses the role of the environment as capital that, if exhausted, cannot be replaced. It requires preservation of human capital, physical capital and natural capital. The main features of sustainable economic development are: Reduction in pollution, quality of life of future generation should not reduce, efficient use of natural resources. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) defined sustainable development as ‘Development that meets the need of the present generation without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs.’
‘Although the level of income is an important indicator of development, it is an inadequate measure of the level of development.’ Justify the statement.
Although the level of income is an important indicator of development, it is an inadequate measure of the level of development. Money can buy things that can be one factor on which our life depends like food. But the quality of non-material things like freedom, security and respect cannot be bought with money. We cannot buy pollution free environment, unadulterated medicines and peace with money. Schools, colleges, parks, hospitals etc are the facilities which cannot be run individually. There has to be a collective effort of team work between the government and society in providing these to the general public. Therefore, money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well. Income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use.
What are public facilities? Give an example. What values do the public facilities strengthen?
The facilities which are provided by the Government are considered as a public facility like schools, hospitals, community halls, transport, electricity etc. As we know that Punjab has more income than the average person in Kerala but Kerala has a low infant mortality rate because of a better public system like Public Distribution System which provides health and nutritional status to the state. We need a public facility because we are not able to purchase all things by money. Public facilities are described as institutional places which are basic individual requirements, such as wellness, education, protection, entertainment, and worship. Public facilities establish the value that certain amenities are granted to all residents of the nation irrespective of rich or poor.
We have a fixed amount of renewable resources that cannot be replenished. What does the statement mean? Identify the values that we need to generate to overcome the problem of resources being exhausted.
Non-renewable resources are the resources which cannot be renewed and only used once. Therefore, resources are scarce and human wants are unlimited. Also, one resource is capable of satisfying more than one needs and it can be put to alternative uses. We have a fixed amount of renewable resources that cannot be replenished. The problem of resources being exhausted can be overcome by the following methods:
1. The treatment of the water returns it into its original state both for domestic, industrial use and for safe disposal. Water treatment is essential since it ensures that there is sufficient water for human use. Management of water is also achieved by a change in lifestyle. Using only the amount of water you require and not leaving taps running will go a long way in conserving water.
2. Recycling and reusing are better alternatives to disposing of some items. For better management and efficient utilization of resources, reduction in the amount of usage is important. Better efficiency constitutes a change of lifestyle which will in turn mean less waste.
3. Nearly all vehicles use fossil fuels to move from one place to another. Discouraging individuals from using individual cars go a long way in reducing the amount of fuel consumed on the global scene. Buses and trains are alternatives to personal vehicles because they have a lower person-to-fuel ratio.
4. Implementation of laws and regulations to curb the waste of resources is important in the management of resources.