Chapter 2 Nelson Mandela Long Walk To Freedom (NELSON ROLIHLAHLA MANDELA)-Solution

The ceremonies took place in the Union Buildings amphitheater in Pretoria. It was a special occasion. There are many public buildings in India that are made of sandstone such as the Red Fort, the Hawa Mahal, The Jama Masjid, etc.

May 10 is an ‘autumn day’ in South Africa because on this day the democratic government took oath. In autumn season, old leaves fall from the trees and new leaves begin to grow, the same analogy is being indicated here.

At the beginning of his speech, Mandela mentions “an extraordinary human disaster”. It was the policy of apartheid in South Africa under which people were the victims of racial discrimination. Now they had achieved freedom. The “glorious………….human achievement” he speaks of at the end is that they will never be oppressed on the basis of their skin color.

Mandela thanks the international leaders for their support to first anti-racial democratic government in South Africa.

Nelson Mandela sets out many ideals for the future of South Africa. He says that all the people will be free from poverty, deprivation and discrimination. They will never experience oppression by others.

The military generals do their duties. They were always loyal to the rules of the country. Previously they might have arrested Mandela under the regime of the whites, but now they have changed their attitude. They saluted Mandela as he has become the President of South Africa. So, they were loyal to their country and to the President.

Two national anthems were sung because they wanted to pay honor and respects to the whites and the blacks equally. Second reason was that it was the pattern to remove all racial differences. One anthem was related to the whites and other was related to the blacks.

In the first decade of the 20^th century, the whites erected a system of racial discrimination against the blacks. They set up the most inhumane system of apartheid where the blacks were denied the fundamental rights of freedom. In the last decade of 20^th century, the system was overturned. The policy of apartheid was uprooted and a new non-racial democratic government was installed to set up equal rights.

To Mandela, courage means the triumph over fear. According to him, a brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear.

Mandela thinks that to love is natural because the feeling of loving comes to our heart naturally. On the other hand, we have the learn how to hate as this feeling does not develop on itself.

Mandela mentions that every man has ‘twin obligations’. The first obligation is towards family, parents, wife and children. The second obligation is to work for his people, community and the nation.

For Mandela, freedom had different meanings at different stages. As a boy, freedom meant to be able to run freely in the fields and to swim in the stream according to his will. As a student, freedom meant to stay out at nights, read whatever pleased him or go wherever he wanted. But later he realized that this sort of freedom was only an illusion. For him, the basis and honorable freedoms were-achieving his potential, earning his keep, marrying and having a family. These freedoms were more important for him when we was a young man.

Mandela thinks that the oppressor is not free. This is because a man who takes away other’s freedom is a prisoner of hatred. According to Mandela, neither the oppressor nor the oppressed is free. Both are equal as they are robbed of their humanity.

A large number of international leaders attended the inauguration ceremony of first democratic non-racial government in South Africa because it was the end of apartheid regime; in real sense, it was the victory of humanity.

It signified the triumph of humanity against discrimination on the basis of color. It was a unique day in the history of South Africa.

Mandela wants to say that he was not all alone on the path of freedom. He was guided and inspired by all those African patriots who had contributed to the struggle against oppression. He wished to pay his respect to those who were not there to see the fruitification of their efforts and sacrifices.

Yes, it is true that the depths of oppression create heights of character. World history is full of such examples where oppression produced great leaders. In South Africa, oppression and brutality produced great leaders like-Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu, Bram Fisher, Chief Luthuli, Yusuf Dadoo and Mandela himself.

We can say that the history of India is also full of individuals like Subhash Chandra Bose, Chandra Shekhar Azad and Mahatma Gandhi who fought against oppression and showed great character while struggling for national independence.

Mandela’s understanding of freedom changed with age and experience. He was carefree and felt free during his childhood as he could do all he wanted without having to worry about the outside world. Later in his life, his definition of freedom changed as he desired other things. After gaining experience and perspective, he realized that freedom has been taken away from all the black Africans and he needed to fight to make sure that it is restored.

Mandela was not born with a hunger for freedom. But when he realized that his freedom had been taken away from him, he decided to get it. His decision made him hungry for freedom. Now he had changed in bold, and a man without home. He had won over the fear in his heart. He had only one dream and it was “freedom” to all.

Noun: Noun is the name of a person, place or a thing. Examples – Rajeev, New Delhi, Book, etc.

Verb: Verb signifies action in the sentence. Examples – Rebel, install, inaugurate, etc.

Martin Luther King’s contribution to our history as an outstanding leader began when he came to the assistance of Rosa Parks, a seamstress who refused to give her up seat on a bus to a white passenger. In those days American Blacks were confined to positions of second-class citizenship by restrictive laws and customs. To break these laws would mean subjugation and humiliation by the police and the legal system. Beatings, imprisonment and sometimes death awaited those who defied the system. Martin Luther King’s tactics of protest involved non-violent resistance to racial injustice.

Articles: A, an and the are Articles. They come before nouns.

There are two types of Articles.

1. Indefinite Articles (a, an)

2. Definite Article (the).

Indefinite Articles – (a, an): ‘An’ is used before a word beginning with a vowel sound and ‘a’ is used before a word beginning with a consonant sound – i.e.:

A boat, a cow, a dog, a fan, a goat, a hen, etc.

An ass, an inkpot, an elephant, an orange, an umbrella, etc.

Note: Some words begin with vowels but they sound like a consonant so ‘a’ should be used before that.

Some words begin with consonants but sound like a vowel, so ‘an’ should be used there.

For example, A one rupee-note.

An honest man.

Definite article: ‘The’ is used before some particular person or things, books, oceans, rivers, etc.

1. In the first sentence, used of ‘the’ before Amitabh Bachchans and Shah Rukh Khan means that Mr. Singh invites all the big stars of film industry to his parties.

2. In the second sentence, use of ‘the’ before Madhubala means Madhuri Dixit has been compared with Madhubala in beauty and quality.

3. In the third sentence, use of ‘the’ before Alexandors, Napoleans and Hitlers means that there are many people like Alexandor, Napolean and Hitler in history.

Notes

1. Causes of poverty and means to overcome it:

2. Discrimination based on Gender, Religion, Class, etc.

3. Constitutionally Guaranteed Human Rights

Speech:

Respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends!

Today I am here, in front of you to express my views on the topic – True liberty is freedom from poverty, deprivation and all forms of discrimination.

There are many poor people in our country who cannot get food properly. They face a lot of difficulties in their lives. They can never fulfill their basic needs. It has many causes – unemployment, non-technical education; etc. They are not fully aware about their basic rights. To overcome this situation, one must work hard.

There is a lot of discrimination in our society based on gender, religion, class etc. The rich exploit the poor, and woman live at the mercy of men. Everyone should enjoy constitutionally guaranteed rights. Only than we can say that we have true liberty.

1. (v) to create such heights of character.

2. (iii) but the triumph over it.

3. (iv) but he who conquers that fear.

4. (i) they can be taught to love.

5. (ii) I was born free

1. It was the site of a rainbow gathering of different colors and nations for the installation of South Africa’s first democratic, non-racial government.

2. Officials; but arrested me.

3. now; know the words by heart.

4. But I have always known that its greatest wealth is its people.

5. A demonstration of the military’s loyalty to democracy.

6. A frightened young man; a law-abiding attorney; a family-loving husband.

Color prejudice in India

There is no lawful color prejudice in India. Indian constitution guarantees equal rights to every citizen, irrespective of their color, religion or any other demographic distinction. Having said this, it is essential to note that the society is not free from prejudices. Preference of color and caste is still prevalent in the society. Laws have been made to protect the rights of every individual but the reluctance of the people to follow these laws instead of the pre-conceived societal notions has created an anomaly.

The law of the land doesn’t permit such discriminations and it is the fault of the societal mindset that the regional and color prejudice is still present in India.

(i)

(ii)

(i) The word ‘quite’ has been repeated in these lines.

The repetition of the word expresses the intensity of the tiger’s action.

(ii) ‘Brilliant’ word has been repeated in these lines.

It expresses both the anger and brightness in the eyes of the tiger. It creates an effect of intensity of the action.

Through these two poems, it is clear to all us that freedom is very important for everyone. Not only human beings, but also animals like it deeply. Without freedom, no one can feel happy. Animals in the cage are taken care of. They are given food several times, yet they lead a very pitiable life. They do not like to be caged. They like to move freely, to chase their hunt. They are very powerful, but in the cage, they cannot find proper atmosphere for running and hunting. So, it is very difficult to live in prison.

Although zoos are necessary for the protection or conservation of some species of animals. The dangerous dip in the number of animals in wild has increased the need for the zoos at many places.

Zoos are both necessary and as unnecessary. The reasons in favor are more than its opposite idea. That’s why the number of zoos are increasing throughout the world.

Day-by-day the number of many species is decreasing rapidly. So, zoos are important to protect and conserve them. Many species of wild animals have already become extinct. Animals too are very important for this earth and needed to be taken care of.

There are many reasons to say that there are no apparent alternatives of zoos in the current scenario.

Note: Students may add their own ideas to it.

The Greater Cats

The Greater cats with golden eyes Stare out between the bars.

Deserts are there, and different skies,

And night with different stars

-Victoria Sackville-West