CBSE-Class-10-Social-Science-Assignment-History-Chapter-5-The-Age-of-Industrialisation

Class 10^th Social Science- The Age of Industrialisation

THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. The word ‘Orient’ refers to:

(a) All the countries outside Europe

(b) Countries to the east of the Mediterranean, usually referring to Asia

(d) Both (b) and (c)

2. The picture of the “Two Magicians” shows

(a) Aladdin from the orient who built a beautiful palace with his magic lamp

(b) A modern mechanic who with his magic tool builds bridges, ships, towers and high-rise buildings

(c) The difference between East and West, Aladdin represents the East and the past and the mechanic, the West and modernity

(d) All the above

THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION

3. The new merchants could not set up business in the towns in Europe, because:

(a) The rules did not allow them to do so

(b) There were not enough products to start business with, as guilds had monopoly

(c) The powerful trade guilds and urban crafts made it difficult for new merchants to start business in towns and restricted their entry

(d) The merchants wanted to do business with village people

4. How can we prove that the first symbol of factory system was cotton?

(a) Its production boomed in the late 18^th century

(b) In 1760, Britain was importing 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton for its cotton industry

(d) All the above

5. Who are called Staplers and Fullers?

(a) A Fuller ‘fulls’ or gathers cloth by pleating

(b) Stapler ‘staples’ or sorts wool according to its fibre

(d) Staplers and Fullers are dyers

6. Working for urban merchants was welcome for the peasants’ households because

(a) it gave a chance to countryside to compete with urban guilds

(b) proto-industrial production supplemented their shrinking incomes from cultivation and allowed fuller use of family’s labour resources

(d) none of the above

7. Where and when did the earliest factories come up?

(a) In the beginning of the 18th century in England

(b) In the 1730s in England

(d) None of the above

8. Carding is a process:

(a) in spinning (b) in weaving

(d) in which finishing of cloth is done

9. Which industry followed the cotton industry in England and why?

(a) The wool industry, because production of wool increased in England

(b) Iron and steel industry, because of the growth of railways from the 1840s in England and in colonies in the 1860s

(d) Mining industry, because of loss in textile industry

10. Who invented the first steam engine and who improved upon it?

(a) James Watt produced the first steam engine and Newcomen improved it

(b) Richard Arkwright produced the first steam engine which Newcomen improved it

(d) None of the above

11. The typical worker in the mid-nineteenth century, according to historians, was:

(a) a machine operator

(b) traditional craftsperson and labourer

(d) a technology expert worker

12. Which of the following statements is/are not true about the life of workers in the early 19^th century?

(a) Till the mid-nineteenth century, about 10% of urban population were extremely poor

(b) During the periods of economic slump (like the 1830s) the unemployment figures went up from 35 to 75 per cent

(d) The income of the workers depended on the period of employment and not the wage rate alone.

13. The women in the woollen industry attacked the introduction of spinning jenny because

(a) fear of unemployment made the women workers hostile to the introduction of new technology

(b) the women did not know how to work the machine

(d) all the above

14. How can we prove that the old ports like Surat and Hooghly declined with the coming of the European companies?

(a) Exports from these ports fell dramatically

(b) In the last years of the 17th century, the gross value of trade that passed through Surat had been Rs 16 million. By the 1740s, it had slumped to Rs 3 million.

(d) The local bankers went bankrupt slowly

15. Which of the following statements is not true about how the Company prevented weavers from dealing with other buyers?

(a) The Company offered their weavers the highest rates

(b) The Company gave loans to weavers to purchase raw materials for their production

(d) The weavers could not sell their product to any other trader

16. In 1772, Henry Patulla, a Company official, had declared that

(a) Indian textiles would soon lose their charm and people will not buy them

(b) the demand for Indian textiles would never shrink as no other country produced goods of same quality

(d) none of the above

17. The American Civil War caused new problems for Indian weavers. How?

(a) Indian weavers could not get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality

(b) The Americans stopped supplying raw cotton to Britain due to the Civil War and the latter turned to India, and exports from India increased raising the price of raw cotton

(d) All the above

18. Weaving industry finally collapsed by the end of the 19th century. Why?

(a) All raw materials vanished from India

(b) Indian weavers took to other professions because of high prices of raw materials

(d) The British totally monopolised the textile trade

19. Which of the following causes led to the decline and collapse of weaving industry in India?

(a) By the 1850s, export markets collapsed, local markets shrank

(b) The cheap, machine-produced goods of Manchester glutted the Indian market

(c) The civil war in America stopped cotton exports to Britain which now imported raw cotton from India and Indian weavers were deprived of raw cotton which sold at exorbitant rice in India

(d) Both (b) and (c)

20. The export of Indian yarn to China declined in 1906. Why?

(a) The Chinese started producing better yarn themselves

(b) Indians started using their own yarn at home

(d) Indians started making cloth instead of exporting yarn

21. A fly shuttle is :

(a) a mechanical device which increased production in factories, allowing weavers to operate large looms for wider cloths

(b) a mechanical device, used by weavers, moved by means of ropes and pullies

(d) both (b) and (c)

22. What items did Indian factories supply during the First World War?

(a) guns and other ammunition

(b) jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents, leather boots, horse and mule saddles, besides other things

(d) all the above

23. The main interests of the European Managing Agencies, which dominated industrial production in India, were :

(a) tea and coffee plantations, acquiring land at cheap rates

(b) investing in mining, indigo and jute required for export trade

(d) products which were needed in India

24. Which of the following statements is not true about the effect of the First World War on industrialisation in India?

(a) Indian mills had to double their production, during the war to supply the war needs

(b) New factories were set up, old ones ran multiple shifts

(d) Manchester exports to India doubled during the war years

25. The Indian businessmen avoided competing with Manchester goods in the Indian markets by

(a) not producing fabric, just yarn

(b) producing coarse cotton yarn (thread) for handloom weavers and exporting it to China

(d) importing finer yarn for superior quality

26. Which of the following statements is not true about the demand for finer varieties of cloth remaining stable?

(a) The rich could buy even when the poor starved

(b) Famines did not affect the sale of Banarasi and Baluchari saris

(d) Mills could not imitate specialized weavers, like saris with borders and lungis or handkerchiefs of Madras

27. Why are advertisements needed to create new consumers?

(a) To make the consumers aware of products

(b) To make new products appear desirable and necessary

(d) all of these

28. After the war, Manchester could not recapture its old position in Indian market. Why?

(a) The US, Germany and Japan beat Britain in cotton production

(b) Local industrialists in the colonies captured the home market after consolidating their position

(d) All the above

29. This advertisement is different from others. Why?

(a) It advertises an Indian product

(b) It gives a nationalist message : buy Indian products, through the symbol of Goddess Laxmi promoting it

(d) All the above

QUESTIONS FROM CBSE EXAMINATION PAPERS

1. Who among the following produced a popular music book that had a picture on the cover page announcing the Dawn of the Century?

(a) New Comen (b) James Watt

2. Which among the following is associated with Gomasthas?

(a) Trader

(b) Businessman

(d) Supervisor appointed by the company

3. Which one of the following factories was considered as a symbol of new era in England in the late eighteenth century?

(a) Iron and steel (b) Metal

4. How does advertisement help us to create new consumer?

(a) It makes products appear desirable and necessary

(b) If trics to shape the minds of people and create new needs

(d) All the above

5. Name the person who created the cotton mill in England?

(a) Richard Arkwright (b) James Watt

6. Who devised the Spinning Jenny?

(a) Richard Arkwright (b) James Watt

c) James Hargreaves (d) Samuel Luke

7. The introduction of which new technology in England angered women?

(a) The spinning jenny

(b) The underground railway

8. Which pre-colonial port connected India to the Gulf conntries and the Red Sea ports?

(a) Bombay (b) Hoogly

9. Where in India was the first cotton mill set up?

(a) Kanpur (b) Bombay

10. Which one of the following Indian ports lost its importance during colonial rule?

(a) Bomaby (b) Calcutta

11. Which of the following was not a European Managing Agency dominating industrial production in India?

(a) Andrew Yule (b) Bird Heiglers and Co.

(d) Elgin Mills

12. By which of the following phenomenon was the pattern of industrial change in India conditioned?

(a) Colonial rule

(b) Weakness of Mughal rule

(d) Struggle between the European powers to control India

13. Which one of the following was the job of Gomastha.

(a) Supervise weavers

(b) Collect supplies

(d) All the above

14. The person who got people from villages, ensured them jobs, helped them settle in cities and provided them money in times of need was known as :

(a) Stapler (b) Fuller

15. Production processes involving carding, twisting, rolling and stapling are associated with :

(a) Textile Industry (b) Railway industry

16. Which one of the following problems was not faced by cotton weavers in India?

(a) Export market had collapsed

(b) They did not have good quality cotton

(d) There were frequent strikes in Indian industries

17. In Victorian Britain, the aristrocrats and bourgeoisie preferred hand made goods as :

(a) They were cheap

(b) They could be obtained easily

d) They symbolised refinement and class

18. Who improved the ‘Steam Engine’ produced by Newcomen?

(a) Marcopolo (b) James Watt

19. Who was Dwarkanath Tagore?

(a) A social reformer (b) Musician

c) Industrialist (d) Painter

20. Which were the most dynamic industries in Britain during 19th the century?

(a) Cotton and metal (b) Metal and sugar

21. Where was the first Indian jute mill set up?

(a) Bengal (b) Bombay

22. Which of the following was not a problem of Indian weavers at the early 19th century?

(a) Shortage of raw material

(b) Clashes with Gomasthas

(d) Setting up of new factories

23. When did the exprots of British cotton goods increased dramatically?

(a) in the early 17th century

(b) in the early 18th century

(d) in the early 20th century

24. Where was the first cotton mill set up in India?

(a) Ahemedabad (b) Kanpur

25. Which of the following mechanical devices used for weaving, with ropes and pullies, which helped to weave wide pieces of cloth?

(a) Handloom (b) Powerloom

26. In 1911, 67 percent of the large industries were located in which one of the following places in India?

(a) Bengal and Bomaby

(b) Surat and Ahmedabad

(d) Patan and Lucknow

27. Who among the following set up the first Indian jute mill in Calcutta in 1917?

(a) Seth Hukumchand (b)G.D. Birla

(d) None of the above

28. What was “Spinning Jenny”?

(a) A machine (b) A person

29. Who established six joint stock companies in India during 1830-40?

(a) Jamsed Jee Nuserwan Jee Tata

(b) Dinshaw Petit (c) Seth Hukumchand

(d) Dwarkanath Tagore

30. Which one of the following ports decayed by the end of the eighteenth century?

(a) Calcutta (b) Goa

31. In which one of the following years did the first cotton mill on Bomaby (Mumbai) come up?

(a) 1854 (b) 1855 (c) 1862 (d) 1874

32. Who among the following was usually employed by the industrialists to get new recruits?

(a) Gomastha (b) Policeman

33. In which one of the following years did the earliest factories in England come up?

(a) 1710 (b) 1720

34. Whom did the British government appoint to supervise weavers, collect supplies and examine the quality of cloth?

(a) Jobber (b) Sepoy

35. Which among the following cities had trade links with South Asian ports?

(a) Masulipatam and Hoogly

(b) Masulipatam and Surat

(d) None of the above

36. Which one of the following European managing agencies did not control Indian Industries?

(a) Bird Heiglers and Company

(b) Andrew Yule

(d) Jardine skinner and company

37. Which of the following helped the spread of handloom cloth production?

(a) Import duties

(b) Government regulations

(d) Imposition of export duties

38. Surat and Hoogly were replaced with :

(a) Bombay and Orissa

(b) Bombay and Calcutta

(d) None of the abvoe

39. Which of the following did not take part in the First World War?

(a) France (b) Germany

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What factors were responsible for increasing demand of goods? Give an example.

2. What were the first symbols of industrialisation?

3. Write a short note on trade guilds.

4. What other sectors of production benefited from ordinary inventions?

5. What is the most recent views regarding Industrial revolution of the eighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries?

6. Write a short note on the condition of a labour’s life in Victorian Britain.

7. Explain why machines did not necessarily affect employment of labours.

8. What were the limits of machine-made products?

9. What was the general reaction to the new inventions?

10. Who invented the spinning jenny? How did it work?

11. What is the monopoly of trade?

12. How did the Indian weavers react to the monopoly of cotton production?

13. Write a short note on the earliest entrepreneurs of India.

14. Write a short note on the role of foreign companies in the mid-nineteenth century.

15. Discuss the impact of Indian national movement on Indian entrepreneurs.

16. Describe some effects of the First World War.

17. What were the collective demands of the indigenous entrepreneurs? How did they compete in the market?

QUESTIONS FROM CBSE EXAMINATION PAPERS

1. Explain the miserable conditions of Indian weavers during the East India Company's regime in the eighteenth century.

2. Write a short note on the role of advertisement during the British rule.

How did the British manufacturers attempt to take over the Indian market with the help of advertisements? Explain with three examples.

3. Explain with examples how an average worker in mid-nineteenth century was not a machine operator but a traditional craftsperson and labour.

4. Explain any three problems faced by the Indian weavers by the turn of the 19th century.

5. Explain the impact of First World War on Indian industries.

6. Explain any three major problems faced by new European merchants in setting up their industries in towns before the Industrial Revolution.

7. How had a series of inventions in the eighteenth century increased the efficiency of each step of the production process in cotton textile industry? Explain.

8. What is meant by proto industrialization? Why was it successful in the countryside in England in the 17th century?

9. State any three problems faced by the cotton weavers of India?

10. Explain the miserable condition of Indian weavers during the East India Company’s regime in the eighteenth century?

11. Explain three reasons for the decline of Indian textile industry by the end of 19th the century?

12. Why do historians agree that the typical worker in the mid-nineteenth century was not a machine operator but the traditional craftsperson and labourer?

13. ‘Technological changes occurred slowly in Britain.’ Give three resons for this.

14. What led to expansion in handloom craft production between 1900 and 1940?

15. Vasant Parkar, who was once a millworker in Bombay, said :

‘The workers would pay the jobbers money to

get their sons work in mill .... The mill worker

was closely associated with his village, physically

and emotionally. He would go home to cut the

harvest and for sowing. The Konkani would go

home to cut the paddy and Gahti, the sugarcane.

It was accepted practice for which the mills

granted leave.’

(i) Why do workers pay jobbers?

(ii) In what ways did the mill workers remain associated with the village?

(iii) Why did mill workers go to the village?

16. Explain any three functions of a Jobber.

17. Who were the Gomasthas? Why did the weavers and Gomasthas clash?

18. Mention the name of three Indian entrepreneurs and their individual contribution during the ninteenth century.

19. Who were Gomasthas? Write any two functions of the Gumasthas.

20. Why were Victorian industrialists not interested to introduce machines in England? Give any four reasons.

21. What was the proto-Industrialisation? Mention any two functions of guilds in urban areas.

22. What role did the Indian merchants play in the growth of textiles industries before 1750? Explain any three points.

23. After industrial development in England, what steps did the British government take to prevent competition with the Indian textiles?

24. How a series of changes affected the pattern of industrialisation by the first decade of the 20^th century? Explain any three.

25. Mention any three restricutions imposed by the British government upon the Indian merchants in the 19th century?

26. How did the British manufactrers attempt to take over the Indian market with the help of advertisements?

27. Why was the new technology slow to be accepted by industrialists?

28. Why did some industrialists in 19th century Europe prefer hand labour over machines?

29. Why did Indian industrialists begin to shift from yarn to cloth production? Give 3 reasons.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Give two examples of modern development associated with progress but which also led to problems.

2. Explain why the seventeenth century merchants from towns in Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the village.

3. Describe the nexus of merchants and cotton textile producers in proto-industry.

4. Give reasons for the increase in production of cotton textile.

5. What do you understand by the term “Industrial Revolution”?

6. What were the positive effects of industrialization on Britain?

7. What were the main features of pre-colonial trade?

8. Describe how the Indian trade was affected by the military conquest of British by Bengal and Carnatic.

9. Make a list of important effects of British policies on Indian weavers.

10. What were the reasons for decline of Indian export of textiles after the mid-nineteenth century?

11. Describe the different types of industrial workers in the mid-nineteenth century.

12. How did the First World War change the state of economy in India?

13. Describe the nature of industrial production in twentieth century India.

14. Discuss the changes brought by the age of industries in India giving appropriate examples.

QUESTIONS FROM CBSE EXAMINATION PAPERS

1. Explain the main features of proto-industralisation.

2. Describe the peculiarities of Indian industrial growth during the First World War.

1. How did the Industrial Revolution in England affect India’s economy?

2. Give reasons why the handloom weavers in India survived the conslaught of the machine made textiles of Manchester?

3. What is meant by proto-industrialisation? State any two economic effects of the Industrial Revolution?

4. Explain how the condition of the workers steadily declined in the early twentieth century Europe.

5. Discuss four factors responsible for the decline of the cotton textile industry in India in the midnineteenth century.

6. Explain why industrial production in India increased during the First World War.

7. Enumerate the features of the proto-industrial system.

8. Throw light on production during the protoindustrialization phase in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries with an example.

9. Why did industrialists not want to get rid of hand labour once machines were introduced?

10. What was the impact of First World War on the Indian industries? Explain.

11. Why in Victorian Britain, the upper classes preferred things produced by hand? Give four reasons.

12. “The modern industrialisation could not marginalise the traditional inudstries in England.” Justify the statement with any four suitable arguments.

13. What measures were adopted by the producers in India to expand the market for their goods in the nineteenth century?

14. How did industrial production in India increase during the First World War?

15. Why did the technological changes occurred slowly in the factories in 19th century? Explain any four reason.

16. Describe any four impacts of Manchester imports on the cotton weavers of India.

17. The East India company appointed gomastha to supervise the work of weavers, but there were clashes between them. Give 4 reason with explanation.

18. Explain any 4 ways that helped the British manufacturers to take over the Indian market.

19. Why did Industrial production in India increase during the first World War?

20. Why could the British manufacturers not recapture their old position in the Indian markets after the First World War?

21. What steps were taken by the East India Company to control the market of cotton and silk goods?

The Age of Industrialisation

Class 10th Social Science- The Age of Industrialisation

Class 10^th Social Science- The Age of Industrialisation