ROUTERA


The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Class 10th Social Science- The Rise of Nationalism in Europe


THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1.    The first clear expression of Nationalism in Europe came with:

(a)   The American Revolution

(b)   The French Revolution

(c)   The Russian Revolution

(d)   The Industrial Revolution

2.    A nation state, according to the French philosopher Ernst Renan, was formed by           .

(a)   A common language, race, religion or territory.

(b)   A nation with a shared history or descent, of endeavors, sacrifice and devotion, wish to perform still more great deeds together.

(c)   A large scale solidarity, its existence a daily plebiscite.

(d)   Both B and C.

3.    The term ‘Plebiscite’ means:

(a)   Adult Franchise

(b)   A direct vote by which all the people of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal.

(c)   When the rich and the aristocrats select their leaders.

(d)   A vote by the people to elect their leader.

4.    Frederic Serrieu, a French artist, in his series of four prints (1848) visualized his dream of a world as:

(a)   A world made up of ‘democratic and social republics’.

(b)   A world made up of one nation, one world.

(c)   A world with one absolute ruler.

(d)   A world following one religion, one language.

5.    The ideas of a United Community enjoying equal rights under a Constitution were expressed by the French as:

(a)            La Patrie    (b) Le Citoyen

(c) Both A and B    (d) None of the above

6.    The Civil Code of 1804, also known as the Napoleonic Code, established:

(a)   Equality before the law

(b)   Secured the right to property

(c)   Did away with all the privileges based on birth

(d)   All the above.

7.    Friedrich List, a German professor of Economics, hoped to achieve two political ends through economic measures. They were     .

(a)   Increase of power in Europe

(b)   Binding Germans economically into a nation

(c)   Both A and B.

(d)   Awakening national sentiment through a free economic system

8.    Which new spirit guided European nations after Napoleon’s defeat?

(a)   Fascism                (b) Conservatism

(c) Nazism                (d) Communism

9.    Two changes made by the Treaty of Vienna in France were:

(a)   They made France a republic and took away all the territories annexed by it under Napoleon.

(b)   Napoleon’s brother was made king and France lost all its conquered territories.

(c)   The four powers became rulers of France.

(d)   The deposed Bourbon dynasty was restored to power, and all territories under Napoleon were taken away.

10.     ll the new regimes, set up in 1815, were autocratic because :

(a)   They did not tolerate criticism and dissent

(b)   They imposed censorship laws to control what was said in newspapers, plays, songs etc.

(c)   They curbed activities which questioned their legitimacy

(d)   All the above

11.    The three leaders who helped unification of Italy were:

(a)   Giuseppe   Mazzini,   Victor   Emmanuel   II,

Cavour

(b)   Giuseppe Mazzini, Cavour, Giuseppe Garibaldi

(c)   Victor Emmanuel, Bismarck, Cavour

(d)   None of the above

12.     In the 19th century, the French artists     symbolised the French nation as:

(a)   Marianne, a popular Christian name for women

(b)   Marianne, a female figure, with a red cap, the  tricolour and the cockade

(c)   As a female named Marianne, with characteristics of liberty (a red cap, a broken chair) and the Republic (the red cap, tricolour and the cockade)

(d)   All the above

13.     The nationalist Greeks got the support of the West European nations because:

(a)   They were fighting against the Muslim Ottoman Empire

(b)   They had sympathies for ancient Greek culture

(c)   Greece was considered the cradle of European   civilisation

(d)   All the above

14.     Cavour’s contribution to Italian unification was:

(a)   Diplomatic alliance with enemies of Austria

(b)   War with Austrians and Bourbons

(c)   Diplomatic alliance with France in 1859 and strengthening Sardinia and Piedmont

(d)   Defeated the Bourbon kings

15.     Who was Giuseppe Mazzini? When and where was he born?

(a)   Giueseppe Mazzini  was    an    Italian revolutionary, born in Rome in 1810

(b)   Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian, born in Genoa, in 1807

(c)   Giuseppe Mazzini was a Corsican, born in Genoa in 1807

(d)   Giuseppe Mazzini was a famous Italian painter, born in Genoa in 1810

16.     The purpose behind the painting “The Massacre at Chios” by Eugene Delacroix, 1824, was:

(a)   To appeal to the emotions of the spectators and create sympathy for the Greeks

(b)   To dramatise the incident in which 20,000 Greeks were killed

(c)   To focus on the suffering of women and children

(d)   All the above

17.     The aim of Romanticism, a cultural movement, was:

(a)   To create a sense of shared collective heritage, a common cultural past, as the basis of the nation

(b)   Glorification of science and reason

(c)   To focus on emotions, intuitions and mystical feeling

(d)   Both A and C

18.     German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder claimed that true German culture was discovered through

(a)   Folk songs, folk poetry, folk dances

(b)   Common people das volk

(c)   Vernacular language

(d)   All the above

19.     In France, 1848 was a year when:

(a)   Louis Philippe of France was dethroned, and France declared a Republic

(b)   Suffrage to all males above 21 was given and the right to work guaranteed

(c)   Food shortages, widespread unemployment  led to a revolt in Paris

(d)   All the above

20.     The weavers of Silesia revolted in 1845 against contractors because:

(a)   The contractors who gave them orders drastically reduced their payments.

(b)   The contractors took advantage of their misery and desperate need for jobs.

(c)   Both A and B.

(d)   The contractors had killed eleven weavers.

21.     The symbols of the new ‘British nation’ were:

(a)   The British flag (Union Jack) and the British national anthem (God Save the King)

(b)   The English language and domination of English culture

(c)   Both A and B

(d)   Subordination of the older nations

22.     Who painted ‘Germania’ and for what occasion?

(a)   Artist Phillip Veit painted it to celebrate the unification of Germany

(b)   Phillip Veit painted it to hang from the ceiling of St Paul’s where the Frankfurt Parliament was held in 1848.

(c)   Phillip Veit painted it to celebrate Bismarck’s victory.

(d)   All the above.

23.     Phillip Veit used the following in his painting as symbols (i) Broken chains, (ii) Sword (iii) Olive branch round the sword and   (iv) Rays of the rising Sun. They symbolised :

(a)   (i) Heroism, (ii) readiness to fight (iii) strength (iv) hope.

(b)   (i) Freedom (ii) strength (iii) readiness to fight (iv) Beginning of a new era.

(c)   (i) Freedom (ii) readiness to fight (iii) willingness to make peace (iv) beginning of a new era.

(d)   (i) Heroism (ii) courage (iii) readiness to fight (iv) hope

24.     A map celebrating the British Empire depicted British domination of the world as:

(a)   Britannia (symbol of British nation) sitting triumphantly over the globe.

(b)   Britannia surrounded by tigers, elephants, forests symbolising the colonies.

(c)   Angels carrying banner of freedom.

(d)   Through pictures of primitive people.

25.     The two reasons which made the Balkans an explosive region after 1871 were:

(a)   The spread of ideas of romantic nationalism and the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire under whose control they were

(b)   The declaration of independence by European subject nationalities from the Ottomon Empire.

(c)   The support of history and nationalism to be independent

(d)   All the above

26.     The big power rivalry in the late 19th century was over:

(a)   Trade and colonies

(b)   Naval supremacy and military might

(c)   Both A and B

(d)   Territories and naval might

 

QUESTIONS FROM CBSE EXAMINATION PAPERS

1.    Which one of the following is not true regarding the history of the nationalist movement in Great Britain?

(a)   It was the result of a long drawn out process and not of a sudden revolution.

(b)   The wealthy and powerful English nation steadily extended its influence over the Welsh the Scots and the Irish.

(c)   Ireland and Scotland were equal partners in the union called the United Kingdoms.

(d)   The British flag and National Anthem were actively promoted in this Union.

2.    Which one of the following is true regarding how the new artists depicted liberty during the French Revolution?                     

(a)   As a female figure with a torch of enlightenment in one hand and the Charter of Rights of Man in the other hand.

(b)   Blindfolded woman carrying a pair of weighing scales.

(c)   The gold red and black tricolour.

(d)   Rays of the rising sun.

3.    Which of the following was the result of the Act of Union 1707?

(a)   United Kingdom of Irish

(b)   United Kingdom of Scotland

(c)   United Kingdom of America

(d)   United Kingdom of Great Britain

4.    Which of the following powers was not interested in Balkan Peninsula?

(a)   England               (b) Germany

(c) Russia                 (d) Japan

5.    What emerged as a force which brought about sweeping changes in the political and material world of Europe in the nineteenth century?

(a)   The emergence of the nation state

(b)   The multi-national dynastic empire

(c)   Teritorial state     (d) Absolute monarchy

6.    Conservatives did not believe in establishing and preserving:

(a)   the monarchy      (b) the democracy

(c)   traditional institutions of state and society

(d)   social hierarchies

7.    Which one of the following is not regarding the reforms carried out by the Union called Zollverein?                      

(a)    Creation of a network of railways to promote nationalism.

(b)   Opposition to unhindered movement of goods, people and capital in member states.

(c)   Reduction of tariff barriers in states.

(d)   Reduction of number of currencies in Germany.

8.    Which one of the following is true regarding the ideas promoted by Mazzini?

(a)   Opposition to monarchy and support to democratic republic.

(b)   To establish liberty and freedom under a monarchy.

(c)   Disintegration of the German confederation under 39 States.

(d)   Censorship of newspapers, books, plays and songs.

9.    Which one of the following was NOT implemented under the Treaty of Vienna of 1815?

(a)   Restoration of Bourbon dynasty

(b)   Setting up series of states on the boundaries of France

(c)   Restoration of monarchies

(d)   Diluting the German confederation of 39 states

10.     Which one of the following became the female allegory of the German Nation?

(a)   Marianne             (b) Germania

(c) Britannia             (d) Mazzini

11.    Who among the following was described as ‘the most dangerous enemy of social order’ by Duke Metternich?                                 

(a)   Louis Philippe      (b) Karol Kurpinski

(c) Giuseppe Mazzini (d) Jahan Gottfried

12.     Which one of the following was NOT the feature of Napoleonic Code?

(a)   Equality before the law

(b)   Universal Adult Franchise

(c)   Right to Property

(d)   No privileges based on birth

13.     Which one of the following areas was the most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871?

(a)   The Balkans        (b) The Romanians

(c) Great Britain       (d) Germania

14.     Which of the following treaty recognised Greece as an independent nation?

(a)   Vienna Treaty of 1815

(b)   Constantinople Treaty

(c)   Diplomatic Treaty of Sardenia Piedmont

(d)   None of these

15.     Who amongst the following Italian leaders was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat?

(a)   Mazzini                (b) Cavour

(b)   Garibaldi             (d) Victor Emmanuel II

16.     What did the ideas of la patrie and le citoyen signify in the French Revolution?

(a)   The motherland and the children

(b)   The fatherland and the citizens

(c)   The community and the citizens

(d)   The state and the community

17.     Which one of the following is not true regarding the ‘Balkan Problem?

(a)   The Balkan states were very jealous of each other.

(b)   Each state wanted to gain more territory at the expense of others.

(c)   The Balkans were also the scene of big power rivalry.

(d)   The Balkans were not under the control of Ottoman Empire.

18.     Elle, the measuring unit in Germany was used to measure:      

(a)   Cloth                   (b) Thread

(c) Land                   (d) Height

19.     The main function of the Prussian Zollverein was to:  

(a)   impose custom duty on imported goods

(b)   abolish tarrif barriers

(c)   reduce custom duties

(d)   introduce new rules for trade

20.     Who said “When France Sneezes, the rest of the Europe catches cold”?     

(a)   Garibaldi             (b) Mazzini

(c) Matternich          (d) Bismarck

21.     Which of the following best explain Utopian     Society?

(a)   A Society where everybody is equal

(b)   A democratic society

(c)   An idealist society which can never be achieved

(d)   A society with a comprehensive constitution

22.     What does a blind-folded woman carrying a pair of weighing scales symbolize?

(a)   Peace                   (b) Equality

(c) Justice                 (d) Liberty

23.     Which one of the following is not true regarding the civil code of 1804?

(a)   Abolition of all privileges based on birth.

(b)   Destruction of democracy in France.

(c)   Establishment of equality before law.

(d)   Securing right to property.

24.     Why was the treaty of Vienna (1815) drawn up?

(a)   To establish tariff barriers

(b)   To restore the monarchies

(c)   To divide the German confederation of 39 states

(d)   To establish democracies

25.     Which one of the following countries was appreciated as ‘Cradle of European Civilisation’ by poets and artists?

(a)   Greece                 (b) Italy

(c) France                 (d) Switzerland

26.     Which treaty was drawn up with the objective of undoing of most of the changes that had come about in Europe during Napoleaonic wars?

(a)   Treaty of Versailles (b) Treaty of Vienna

(c) Munich Pact          (d) All the above

27.     Napoleon invaded Italy in -    

(a) 1767                    (b) 1777

(c) 1787                    (d) 1797

28.     Which one of the following is true regarding the Treaty of Constantinople of 1832?

(a)   It recognised Turkey as an independent nation

(b)   It recognised Germany as an independent nation

(c)   It recognised France as an independent nation.

(d)   It recognised Greece as an independent nation.

29.     Who among the following was associated with the Treaty of Vienna of 1815?

(a)   Bismarck             (b) Duke Metternich

(c) Louis Philippe     (d) Victor Emmanuel II

30.     The four European powers who collectivity defeated Napolean were:           

(a)   Austria, Prussia, Britain and Russia

(b)   Spain, Prussia, Britain and Russia

(c)   Austria, Italy, Britain and Russia

(d)   Austria, Prussia India and Russia

31.     Name the customs union formed by Prussia to abolish tariff barriers.         

(a)   Elle                      (b) Zollverein

(b)   Zweibiicken        (d) La Patrie

32.     Which one of the following was the basic aim of Zollverein?

(a)   The abolition of tariff barriers

(b)   To reunite Germany

(c)   To reunite Prussia

(d)   To Promote Democracy

33.     What does the crown of oak leaves worn by Germania stand for? 

(a)   Courage               (b) Heroism

(c) Freedom              (d) Unity

34.     An ideal vision which is unlikely to actually exist is called:

(a)   Utopian               (b) Absolutist

(c) The best              (d) none of the above

35.     Who was proclaimed German Emperor after its unification?

(a)   The Prussian King - William-I

(b)   The Russian King - William-I

(c)   The chief Minister of Otto Van Bismarck

(d)   Lenin

36.     Who led the protest movement against the Protestants in Ireland?  

(a)   Garibaldi             (b) Wolfe Tone

(c) Mazzini               (d) Cavour

37.     Who was proclaimed the King of United Italy in 1861?     

(a)   Guiseppe Mazzini (b) Victor Emmanuel - II

(c) William-I             (d) Johann Gottfried

 

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS                                           

 

1.   Why and how was a change brought about in Europe, which led to the rise of nationalism?

2.   Explain what part the following events played in the growth and spread of nationalism:

(i)   French Revolution.

(ii)   Napoleon’s conquests.

(iii)   The Industrial Revolution.

3.   How did Greece become a nation-state?

4.   With reference to Italy, explain

(i)   The condition of Italy before Napoleon’s conquests.

          (ii)  The condition of Italy after Napoleon’s downfall.

          (iii)  ‘The Carbonari Society’

5. Describe the events that led to “Dual Monarchy” in Hungary. What were its consequences?

6. How is England’s case different from other countries that became a “nation state”?

7. What was the position of women and their role in nationalist struggle?

8. When and why was the Zolbverein formed?

9. Give three features of condition of Europe in the 1870s.

10. Journalist Wilhelm Wolff described the causes and events of the revolt of the weavers of Silesia. Discuss them briefly.

 

QUESTIONS FROM CBSE EXAMINATION PAPERS

 

1.    Explain liberalism in political and economic fields prevailing in Europe in the 19th century.

2.    How did Romanticism seek to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiment during the 18th century?                                              

3.    “Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation in Europe.” Support the statement with examples.                                            

4.    State any three measures and practices introduced by French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. 

5.    Explain the revolutionary principles incorporated by Napoleon in the administration of France during his reign.                                           

6.    Enumerate any three features of the conservative regimes set up in Europe following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815.                      

7.    Explain any three measures or practices which created a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.                                         

8.    In which year was the unification of Italy completed? Mention two features of the unification movement?                      

9.    Why 1830s were called the years of great economic hardship in Europe? Give any three reasons.     

10.     What are the political, socail and economic ideals supported by the liberals in Europe?

11.    Explain any three reasons for the nationalist upsurge in the 19th century Europe.

12.     Explain the role of languages in developing the nationalist sentiments in Europe.

13.     Explain any three features of the Frankfurt of Parliament.        

14.     Explain the three types of flows with the international economic exchanges during 1815 - 1914.                                           

15.     How did the Balkan region become a source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871? Explain in three points.

16.     “Italy had a long history of political fragmentation”. Support the statement by giving any three points.                         

17.     State any three provisions of the Civil Code of 1804.  

18.     How did the growth of industrialization change the social and political equation of Europe?

19.     Who was Court Camilo Cavour? State any two of his contributions?      

20.     Explain, how Ireland got incorporated into the United Kingdom in 1801? What were the symbols of this new British nation?

21.     How did Romanticism seek to develop a particular from of nationalist sentiments during the 18th century? Explain.        

22.     Explain any three changes which Napoleon introduced to make the administrative system more efficient in Europe.           

23. How did culture play an important role in creating the idea of nation in Europe? Explain with three examples.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

 

1. What do you understand by the term ‘Liberalism’? Explain the new ideas in the field of politics, society and economy, supported by the liberals, from 1848 onwards.

2. Describe how Napoleon administered the territories conquered by him. Was he successful in giving a strong and efficient administration?

3. Discuss, with examples, how culture, art and language helped in the rise of nationalism in Europe.

4. State the ideas of Mazzini which led to the rise of nationalism in Italy.

5. Describe the role of Cavour and Garibaldi in uniting Italy.

6. Why did the Balkans become a center of tensions after 1848?

7. Bismarck was successful in uniting Germany by following the policy of “blood and iron.” Comment.

8. Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow.

An anonymous reader wrote the following letter to the newspaper on June 25, 1850. “It is indeed ridiculous and unreasonable to deny women political rights even though they enjoy the right to property which they make use of. They perform functions and assume responsibilities without however getting the benefits that accrue to men for the same. Why this injustice? Is it not a disgrace that even the stupidest cattle-herder possesses the right to vote, simply because he is a man, whereas highly talented women owning considerable property are excluded from this right, even though they contribute so much to the maintenance of the state?”

      (i) Why do you think the writer did not reveal his/her name?

      (ii) Do you think the writer is a male or a female? Give a reason to support your answer.

      (iii) Does the writer make an emotional appeal or is it based on logic? Write the line/lines or argument that supports your answer.

      (iv) What injustice is the writer talking about?

 

QUESTIONS FROM CBSE EXAMINATION PAPERS

 

1.    How has the French artist, Frederic Sorrieu visualised in his First Print, of the series of four prints, his dream world made up of “democratic and social republics?” Discuss.

2.    How did culture play an important role in creating the idea of the nation in Europe? Explain with four examples.                                            

3.    Explain any four provisions of Napoleon’s ‘Civil Code’ of 1804.        

4.    When did the first clear-cut expression of nationalism come in France? How did the French Revolution lead to transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens? Explain any three steps taken by French revolutionaries in this regard.         

5.    Explain how was the formation of the nation- state the result of a long-drawn-out process in Britain.                                                            

6.    Explain any four measures introduced by French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity among people.                                    

7.    Describe four stages of German unification.

8.    How did the Balkan region become a source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871?

9.    How was the Hapsburg Empire a patch work of different regions and peoples in Europe?

10.     Mention any two economic obstacles that the liberal nationalists wanted to overcome? In what ways dis the Zollverein customs union of 1834 try to overcome these shortcomings?

11.    How did culture play an important role in creating the idea of the nation in Europe? Explain it by giving four examples.

12.     Examine the role of women in the nationalist struggles of Europe.    

13.     What is the significance of 1848 for Grance and the rest of Europe? What did the liberals demand?                        

14.     How the Greek war of Independence did mobilized nationalist feeling among the educated elite across Europe? Give four points.

15.     Why did nationalist tension emerge in the Balkans? Explain any four reasons.

16. Explain any four features of the Treaty of Vienna, 1815.

17.     “Till mid eighteenth century there were no nation states in Europe.” Support the statement with four examples.                    

18. What was the main objective of the Treaty of Vienna of 1815? Mention any three important features of the treaty.

19.     Why was the Balkans the most serious source of nationalist tention in Europe after 1871? Explain any four reasons.                               

20.     Describe the four stages of the Unification of Germany.          

21.     Describe any four features of the landed aristocracy class of European Continent.

22.     Explain liberalism in political and economic fields prevailing in Europe in the 19th Century.

23.     Explain any four measures introduced by French Revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity among the people of France.

24. Explain the four main features of Liberal nationalism that developed in Europe in the early nineteenth century.

25. What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more efficient in the territories ruled by him? Describe any four such changes.  

26. “Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France, but in the administrative field he had incorporated revolutionary principles”. Justify the statement with four arguments.

27. Describe Frederic Sorrieu’s utopian vision of the world as he depicted in his painting in 1848.

28. What is the meaning revolution at 1848 of the liberals? Explain any one of the political, social and economic ideas supported by the liberals?

29. Examine any four for the nationalistic upsurge in 19th Century Europe.

30. How was the Habsburg Empire a patchwork of many different regions and peoples in Europe? Explain.