ROUTERA

How do Organisms Reproduce

Class 10th Science Chapter Assertion and Reason

How do Organisms Reproduce

  • Options:
    a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
    b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
    c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
    d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

 

Question 1

Assertion (A): Asexual reproduction involves only one parent organism.
Reason (R): In asexual reproduction, offspring are genetically identical to the parent.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Asexual reproduction produces offspring through processes like budding or binary fission, resulting in clones of the parent organism.

Question 2

Assertion (A): Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes.
Reason (R): The offspring produced through sexual reproduction are genetically diverse.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: The combination of genetic material from two parents leads to variations in the offspring, contributing to genetic diversity.

Question 3

Assertion (A): In flowering plants, pollination is essential for reproduction.
Reason (R): Pollination allows for the transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Pollination is a crucial step in sexual reproduction in flowering plants, enabling fertilization to occur and seed production.

Question 4

Assertion (A): Binary fission is a method of asexual reproduction.
Reason (R): In binary fission, the parent organism splits into two equal parts.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Binary fission is a common asexual reproduction method in single-celled organisms like bacteria, where the organism divides into two identical cells.

Question 5

Assertion (A): Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces identical daughter cells.
Reason (R): Mitosis is essential for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells, making it crucial for processes such as growth and asexual reproduction in multicellular organisms.

Question 6

Assertion (A): Meiosis results in the production of haploid gametes.
Reason (R): Meiosis is a reductional division that halves the chromosome number.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, producing haploid gametes necessary for sexual reproduction.

Question 7

Assertion (A): Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction in plants.
Reason (R): Vegetative propagation involves using parts of the plant, such as stems or leaves, to grow new plants.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Vegetative propagation allows plants to reproduce without seeds, relying on vegetative structures like roots, stems, or leaves to produce new individuals.

Question 8

Assertion (A): External fertilization occurs outside the female body.
Reason (R): External fertilization is common in aquatic organisms like fish and amphibians.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: In external fertilization, eggs and sperm are released into the water, where fertilization occurs, making it typical for many aquatic species.

Question 9

Assertion (A): The life cycle of organisms often includes both asexual and sexual reproduction stages.
Reason (R): Organisms can switch between reproductive strategies depending on environmental conditions.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Many organisms alternate between asexual and sexual reproduction to maximize reproductive success based on environmental factors.

Question 10

Assertion (A): Budding is a type of asexual reproduction.
Reason (R): In budding, a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Budding occurs in organisms like yeast and hydra, where a bud forms on the parent and eventually detaches to become a new individual.

Question 11

Assertion (A): Sexual reproduction is more advantageous than asexual reproduction.
Reason (R): Sexual reproduction leads to genetic variation, which enhances adaptability.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Genetic variation from sexual reproduction enables populations to adapt better to changing environments, which can enhance survival.

Question 12

Assertion (A): The zygote is the first cell formed after fertilization.
Reason (R): The zygote contains genetic material from both parents.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: The zygote is formed by the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in a diploid cell that contains genetic information from both parents.

Question 13

Assertion (A): Cloning is a method of producing genetically identical organisms.
Reason (R): Cloning can be achieved through techniques like somatic cell nuclear transfer.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Cloning involves creating a genetically identical organism using the nucleus of a somatic cell, demonstrating a form of asexual reproduction.

Question 14

Assertion (A): The ovary is the female reproductive organ that produces eggs.
Reason (R): The ovary also produces hormones like estrogen and progesterone.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: The ovary's dual role in producing eggs and hormones is vital for female reproductive health and the menstrual cycle.

Question 15

Assertion (A): Reproduction is essential for the survival of a species.
Reason (R): Reproduction ensures the continuation of genetic material from one generation to the next.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Reproduction allows organisms to pass on their genes, which is crucial for the survival and evolution of species over time.

Question 16

Assertion (A): Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction.
Reason (R): In parthenogenesis, an egg develops into an organism without fertilization.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Parthenogenesis allows offspring to develop from unfertilized eggs, resulting in new individuals without the involvement of male gametes.

Question 17

Assertion (A): The process of fertilization requires the presence of both sperm and egg.
Reason (R): Fertilization results in the formation of a diploid zygote from haploid gametes.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Fertilization combines haploid gametes (sperm and egg) to create a diploid zygote, which can develop into a new organism.

Question 18

Assertion (A): A single-celled organism can reproduce through binary fission.
Reason (R): Binary fission is a method of asexual reproduction that occurs in unicellular organisms.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Single-celled organisms, like bacteria, commonly reproduce by binary fission, enabling rapid population growth.

Question 19

Assertion (A): Fertilization can be internal or external.
Reason (R): Internal fertilization occurs inside the female body, while external fertilization occurs outside.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: The methods of fertilization are classified based on where the fusion of gametes occurs, impacting reproductive strategies in different species.

Question 20

Assertion (A): Hormones play a crucial role in regulating reproduction.
Reason (R): Hormones control the development of gametes and the menstrual cycle.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Hormones such as estrogen and progesterone are essential for regulating reproductive functions, including gamete development and menstrual cycle timing.