ROUTERA

Carbon and its Compounds

Class 10th Science Chapter Assertion and Reason

Carbon and its Compounds

  • Options:
    a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
    b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
    c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
    d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

 

Question 1

Assertion (A): Carbon has a unique ability to form large and complex molecules.
Reason (R): Carbon can form strong covalent bonds with other carbon atoms and a variety of other elements.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Carbon's tetravalency allows it to bond with other carbon atoms and form chains and rings, leading to a vast array of organic compounds.

Question 2

Assertion (A): Ethanol and ethanoic acid have different chemical properties.
Reason (R): Ethanol is an alcohol while ethanoic acid is a carboxylic acid.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: The functional groups of ethanol (alcohol) and ethanoic acid (carboxylic acid) give them distinct chemical properties, affecting their reactions and uses.

Question 3

Assertion (A): Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.
Reason (R): Alkanes contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: The presence of only single bonds in alkanes means they are saturated with hydrogen, leading to their classification as saturated hydrocarbons.

Question 4

Assertion (A): Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.
Reason (R): Carbon dioxide absorbs infrared radiation, contributing to the greenhouse effect.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Carbon dioxide traps heat in the Earth's atmosphere by absorbing infrared radiation, which is why it is classified as a greenhouse gas.

Question 5

Assertion (A): The combustion of hydrocarbons produces carbon monoxide when there is a limited supply of oxygen.
Reason (R): Carbon monoxide is formed due to the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing compounds.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Incomplete combustion occurs when there is insufficient oxygen, resulting in the production of carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide.

Question 6

Assertion (A): Graphite is used as a lubricant.
Reason (R): Graphite has a layered structure that allows the layers to slide over each other easily.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: The weak Van der Waals forces between the layers in graphite enable them to slide, making it an effective lubricant.

Question 7

Assertion (A): All carbon compounds are organic in nature.
Reason (R): Organic compounds contain carbon atoms.

  • Answer: b) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
  • Explanation: While organic compounds primarily consist of carbon, some carbon compounds (like carbonates and oxides) are classified as inorganic.

Question 8

Assertion (A): Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is a non-polar molecule.
Reason (R): The symmetrical tetrahedral shape of carbon tetrachloride leads to equal distribution of charge.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: The symmetrical arrangement of the chlorine atoms around the carbon atom results in the cancellation of dipole moments, making CCl₄ non-polar.

Question 9

Assertion (A): The formula for ethene is C₂H₄.
Reason (R): Ethene contains a double bond between the two carbon atoms.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Ethene (C₂H₄) contains a double bond between the two carbon atoms, making it an alkene and contributing to its structure and reactivity.

Question 10

Assertion (A): Acetic acid is a weak acid.
Reason (R): Acetic acid only partially ionizes in water.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Acetic acid does not fully dissociate into ions in solution, which is why it is considered a weak acid.

Question 11

Assertion (A): Carbon forms stable bonds with many elements, including itself.
Reason (R): Carbon has four valence electrons, allowing it to form four covalent bonds.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: The four valence electrons in carbon enable it to form four strong covalent bonds with other atoms, including other carbon atoms, leading to the vast diversity of organic compounds.

Question 12

Assertion (A): Hydrocarbons can be classified into three main categories: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.
Reason (R): The classification is based on the types of bonds present between carbon atoms.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Alkanes have single bonds, alkenes have double bonds, and alkynes have triple bonds, which differentiates these categories of hydrocarbons.

Question 13

Assertion (A): Carbon compounds are used in everyday life, including food and fuels.
Reason (R): Carbon is essential for life and is a key component of many biological molecules.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Carbon's ability to form complex molecules makes it crucial in biological processes, and its compounds are commonly found in food and fuels.

Question 14

Assertion (A): Diamond is a good conductor of electricity.
Reason (R): Diamond has free-moving electrons that allow electricity to flow.

  • Answer: b) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
  • Explanation: Diamond is actually an insulator because it does not have free electrons; its strong covalent bonding structure restricts electron movement.

Question 15

Assertion (A): The presence of functional groups in organic compounds determines their chemical reactivity.
Reason (R): Functional groups are responsible for the specific properties and reactions of organic compounds.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Functional groups, such as hydroxyl (-OH) or carboxyl (-COOH), significantly influence how organic compounds react and interact with other substances.

Question 16

Assertion (A): The formula for benzene is C₆H₆.
Reason (R): Benzene contains a cyclic structure with alternating double bonds.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Benzene is a cyclic hydrocarbon with six carbon atoms arranged in a ring, where the alternating double bonds are represented by a resonance structure, giving it unique stability and properties.

Question 17

Assertion (A): Functional isomerism occurs in organic compounds.
Reason (R): Compounds with the same molecular formula but different functional groups exhibit functional isomerism.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: Functional isomers have identical molecular formulas but different functional groups, leading to different chemical properties and behaviors.

Question 18

Assertion (A): Saponification is a process used to produce soap.
Reason (R): Saponification involves the reaction of fats and oils with strong acids.

  • Answer: b) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
  • Explanation: Saponification is the process of reacting fats and oils with strong bases (not acids), usually sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH), to produce soap.

Question 19

Assertion (A): Carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds with other elements.
Reason (R): The different types of bonds affect the physical and chemical properties of the compounds formed.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: The presence of single, double, or triple bonds alters the shape, reactivity, and properties of carbon compounds, influencing their behavior in chemical reactions.

Question 20

Assertion (A): Alcohols are soluble in water.
Reason (R): Alcohols contain hydroxyl (-OH) groups that can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

  • Answer: a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  • Explanation: The hydroxyl group in alcohols allows them to interact with water through hydrogen bonding, leading to their solubility in water.