Social Science Class IX-Assignment
PASTORALISTS IN THE MODERN
WORLD
Assignment
MULTIPLE CHOICE
QUESTIONS
A. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1. Why were some forests classified as “protected”?
(a) In these the customary grazing rights of pastorals were granted but their
movements were severely restricted
(b) The colonial officials believed that grazing destroyed the saplings and
young shoots of trees that germinated on the forest floor. (c) Both (a) and
(b) (d) None of
the above
2. Life of the pastoral group were sustained by
(a) Correct judgement of how long the herds could stay in one area, know where
to find water and pasture
(b) Correct calculation of timing their movements and ensuring they could move
through territories
(c) Setting up relationship with farmers on the way, so that the herds could
graze (d) All the above
3. In what ways were lives of Gujjar Bakarwals of
Jammu and Kashmir similar to that of Gaddi shepherds of Himachal Pradesh?
(a) They both have a similar cycle of seasonal movement
(b) The both spend their winters on low hills of Siwalik range grazing their
herds in dry scrub forests
(c) In April they begin their upward journey again for their summer grazing
grounds (d) All the above
4. The title Maasai derives from _______ and two
special features of this tribe are
(a) The word Maa in ‘Maasai’ means ‘My People’ (b) They are nomadic and
pastoral, and depend on milk and meat for subsistence
(c) High temperature and low rainfall have made their land dry, dusty, and
extremely hot with drought being a common feature.
(d) All the above
5. Which of these are the pastoral communities of
the mountains?
(a) Gujjars (b) Gaddis (c) Bhotiyas and Sherpas (d) All the above
6. The continuous movement of the pastoral
communities helps in
(a) recovery of the pastures (b) prevention of their overuse (c) reduction in
the demand of houses (d) both (a) and (b)
7. The social changes in Maasai society are that
(a) the traditional difference based on age, between the elders and warriors,
has been disturbed, but it has not broken down
(b) a new distinction between the wealthy and the poor pastoralists has
developed (c) both
(a) and (b)
(d) none of the above
8. Pastoralists were also found in the
(a) plateaus (b) plains (c) deserts (d) all the above
9. Dhangars were an important pastoral community of
(a) Gujarat (b) Maharashtra (c) U.P. (d) Assam
10. Which crop was sown by the Dhangars in the
central plateau of Maharashtra?
(a) Bajra (b) Jowar (c) Rice (d) Wheat
11. By October, the Dhangars harvested their bajra
and started on their move to the west. Why were they welcomed by the Konkani
peasants?
(a) They married off their children in each other’s communities (b) The Dhangars brought
bajra for them
(c) The Dhangar flocks manured their fields and fed on the stubble (d) None of
the above
12. What was the reason of the seasonal rythms of
the movement of Gollas, Kurumas and Kurubas?
(a) Cold and snow (b) Monsoon and dry season
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above
13. Where were the Banjaras found?
(a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Punjab, Rajasthan (c) Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra (d) All
the above
14. Where did the community of Raikas live?
(a) In the deserts of Rajasthan (b) Along the western coastal areas (c) In the Rann of Kutch
(b) In Maharashtra
15. Why did the colonial state want to transform
all grazing lands into cultivated farms?
(a) Land revenue was one of the main sources of its finance
(b) It could produce more jute, cotton, wheat and other agricultural produce
that were required in England
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above
16. Since when were the ‘Wasteland Rules’ enacted
in various parts of the country?
(a) 17th century (b) early 18th century (c) mid-19th century (d) late 19th
century
17. According to the ‘Wasteland Rules’ –
(a) uncultivated lands were taken over and given to select individuals
(b) these individuals were granted various concessions and encouraged to settle
these lands
(c) some of them were made headmen of villages in the newly cleared areas (d)
all the above
18. Through the Forest Acts, some forests which
produced timber like deodar or sal were declared ‘Reserved’. What did that mean?
(a) They were reserved for the pastoralists (b) No pastoralist was allowed
access to these forests
(a) Some particular pastoral communities only were allowed access to them (b)
None of the above
19. In which way did the Forest Acts change the
lives of the pastoralists?
(a) In the areas of forests where the pastoralists were allowed, their movements
were regulated
(b) They needed a permit for entry (c) The timing of their entry and departure
was specified (d) All the above
20. Gujjar Bakarwals are pastoralists belonging to
which region?
(a) Himachal Pradesh (b) Jammu and Kashmir (c) Bihar (d) Madhya Pradesh
21. The pastoralists had to pay tax on
(a) every animal they grazed on the pastures (b) the houses they were living in
(c) number of animals they had
(d) none of the above
22. When was the right to collect the tax auctioned
out to contractors?
(a) In 1800 (b) Between the 1850s and 1880s (c) In 1900 (d) In the 1920s
23. What was the result of overgrazing pastures due
to restrictions on pastoral movements?
(a) The quality of pastures declined (b) This created deterioration of animal
stock
(c) Underfed cattle died in large numbers during scarcity and famine (d) All the
above
24. In which year could the Raikas no longer move
into Sindh?
(a) After 1871 (b) The 1880s (c) 1928 (d) After 1947
25. Which of the following statements is/are
correct?
(a) Some rich pastoralists started buying land and settling down giving up their
nomadic life
(b) Some became settled peasants cultivating land, others took to more extensive
trading
(c) The poor pastoralists became labourers, working on fields or in small towns
(d) All the above
26. Half of the world’s pastoral population lives
in
(a) South America (b) South Asia (c) Africa (d) North America
27. Which of these are the pastoral communities of
Africa?
(a) Bedouins, Berbers (b) Maasai, Somali (c) Boran, Turkana (d) All the above
28. Where do the Maasai cattle herders live?
(a) East-Africa (b) Namibia (c) Zambia (d) Libya
29. In 1885, Massailand was cut into half with an
international boundary between
(a) Kenya and Tanganyika (b) Kenya and Ethiopia (c) Congo and Angola (d) Angola
and Botswana
30. What was the percentage of land lost by Maasais
as a result of the division of Maasailand?
(a) 10% (b) 25% (c) 35% (d) 60%
31. Which of these statements is true?
(a) Large areas of grazing land were turned into game reserves (b) Pastoralists
were not allowed to enter these reserves
(c) Serengeti National Park was created over 17, 760 km of Maasai grazing land
(d) All the above
32. The nomadic cattle herders of Kaokoland
belonged to
(a) Namibia (b) Zambia (c) Zimbabwe (d) South Africa
33. When did a severe drought take place, killing
over half the cattle in the Maasai Reserve?
(a) 1900 (b) 1933 and 1934 (c) 1945 (d) 1946 and 1947
34. In pre-colonial period, the African society was
divided into
(a) elders and warriors (b) priests and warriors (a) agriculturists and
industrialists (b) none of the above
35. How was the authority of both elders and
warriors adversely affected by the British efforts to administer the affairs of
the Maasai?
(a) The British appointed chiefs of different sub-groups of Maasai (b) These
chiefs were made responsible for the
affairs of the tribe
(c) The British imposed various restrictions on
raiding and warfare (d) All the above
36. With the passage of time, what was the position
of the Maasai chiefs?
(a) They had regular income with which they could buy animals, goods and land.
(b) In times of war and famine, they lost nearly everything (c) They did not
have resources to tide over bad times
(d) Some eked out a living as charcoal burners, others did odd jobs
37. Which of these statements is not true?
(a) Pastoralists are a matter of past now (b) Pastoralists have tried to adapt
to new times
(c) The have changed the paths of their annual movement (d) They have demanded a
right in the management of forests and water resources
B. QUESTIONS FROM CBSE
EXAMINATION PAPERS
1. What are Bugyals?
(a) They are wastelands (b) Pastures
in the mountain’s foot area
(c) Pastures above 12000 feet high mountains
(d) They are deserts
2. Which seasonal movements affect the Dhangars of Maharashtra?
(a) Cold and snow (b) Climatic disturbance
(c) Drought and flood (d) Alternate monsoon and dry seasons
3. Which one of the following communities is a
pastoral community of Jammu and Kashmir?
(a) Gaddis (b) Raikas (c) Dhangars (d) Gujjar Bakarwals
4. The Massai cattle herders primarily live in:
(a) Egypt and Kenya (b) Tanzania and
Kenya (c) Tanzania and Morocco (d) Morocco and Egypt
5. The pastoral community of Maharashtra is known
as:
(a) Gaddi (b) Bhotiyas (c) Dhangars (d) Sherpas
6. Gaddi were an important pastoral community of:
(a) Gujarat (b) Maharashtra (c) Himachal Pradesh (d) Chctattisgarh
7. What are Dhars?
(a) High meadows (b) Deep valleys (c) Fertile plains (d) Desert land
8. Nomadic tribes need to move from one place to
another because of:
(a) Seasonal changes (b) In search of pastures (c) To maintain ecological
balance (d) All the above
9. Who are Bhotiyas, Sherpas and Kinnahris?
(a) Pastoral community of Africa (b)
Cattle herders of Rajasthan
(c) Shepherd community of Maharashtra (d) Pastoral communities of the Himalayas
10. The word Maasai means:
(a) my people (b) pasture land (c) shifting cultivation(d) wasteland
11. In pre-colonial times Maasai society was
divided into:
(a) Elders and youngsters (b) Elders and workers (c) Elders and warriors (d)
None of these
12. Raika pastoral community belongs to:
(a) Himachal Pradesh (b) Rajasthan (c) Jammu and Kashmir (d) Maharashtra
13. Where is the Samburu National Park located?
(a) South Africa (b) Sudan (c) Kenya (d)
Tanzania
14. Which state do Gujjar Bakarwals belong to:
(a) Himachal Pradesh (b) Jammu and
Kashmir (c) Maharastra (d) Gujarat
15. Where is serengiti Park located?
(a) Kenya (b) Zanzibar (c) Johannesberg (d) Tanzania
16. In which year did the colonial government in
India pass the Criminal Tribes Act?
(a) 1861 (b) 1869 (c) 1871 (d) 1873
17. Which of the following is true regarding the
annual movement of Dhangars?
(a) They stay in the Central Plateau during the monsoons.
(b) After the monsoons are over they move towards Konkan area.
(c) With the onset of monsoon they leave the Konkan. (d) All the above
18. Which of the following is not a African
pastoral group?
(a) Bedouin (b) Somali (c) Boran (d) Kuruma
19. Which of the following statements best explains
pastoralist nomads?
(a) The villagers who move from one place to another
(b) The people who do not have a permanent place to live in
(c) The herdsmen who move from one place to another looking for pasture for
their herd
(d) The people who visit many places for enjoyment
20. The countinuous movement of the pastoral
community helps in:
(a) recovery of pasture (b) commercial activity (c) reduction in demand of
houses (d) none of the above
21. Dhangars are an important pastoral community
of:
(a) Gujarat (b) Maharashtra (c) U.P. (d) Assam
22. Under the Criminal Tribes Act, the communities
which were classified as criminal tribes were:
(a) Herders, traders and fishermen (c) Craftsmen, traders and pastoralists
(c) Craftsmen, pastoralists and technicians (d) Criftsmen, pastoralists and
government servant
23. The Maasai cattle herders lived primarily in:
(a) North Africa (b) South Africa (c) West Africa (d) East Africa
24. Which one of the following is an African
pastoral community?
(a) Gollas (b) Kurumas (c) Raikas (d) Maasai
25. Why did feeding the cattle become a persistent
problem for the Maasais?
(a) Because Massais were confined to a small area
(b) Because continuous grazing in a small area deteriorated the quality of
pasture
(c) Because Maasais lived in a arid zone without any grass (d) Because Maasais
began to cultivate pastoral land
26. Which group of Raikas herded camels?
(a) Maru (b) Gola (c) Kuruma (d) Kuruba
27. Dhangars shepherds stay during the monsoon in:
(a) Central Plateau of Maharashtra (b) Plains (c) Mountains (d) Deserts
28. By which of the following Acts many pastoralist
communities were classified as criminal tribes?
(a) Forest Act 1885 (b) The Rowlatt Act (c) The Tribes Act (d) The Criminal
Tribes Act
29. Which one of the following is not a pastoral
community?
(a) The Bhotiyas (b) The Sherpas (c) The Kinnuries (d) The Jains
30. Which of the following animals are reared by
the Kurumas and Kurubas?
(a) Camels and buffaloes (b) Goats and camels (c) Sheep and buffaloes (d) Sheep
and goats
II. SHORT ANSWER TYPE
QUESTIONS [3 marks]
A. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1.
Describe the life of pastoralists inhabiting the mountains of India.
2.
Describe the life of Dhangars of Maharashtra.
3.
How
did the life of pastoralists change under the colonial rule?
4.
Why
does a Raika genealogist recount the history of his community?
5.
How
did the Forest Act change the life of pastoralists?
6.
When
was the Criminal Tribes Act passed? What effect did it have on the forest
tribes?
7.
How
did the pastoralists cope with the changes during the colonial period?
8.
Compare the lives of African pastoralists with that of pastoralists in India
during the colonial period.
9.
‘In
Maasailand, as elsewhere in Africa, not all pastoralists were equally affected
by the changes in the colonial period.’ Explain.
III. LONG ANSWER TYPE
QUESTIONS [4 marks]
A. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1.
Discuss the main characteristic features of pastoralism.
2.
Discuss the factors on which the life of
pastoralists depend.
3.
Elaborate on the seasonal movement of Dhangars of Maharashtra.
4.
Describe the various facets of pastoralism in
Africa.
5.
Compare and contrast the life of wealthy pastoralists with that of poor
pastoralists in Africa.
6.
Comment on the closure of the forests to grazing from the standpoint of (a) a
forester (b) a pastoralist
B. QUESTIONS FROM CBSE
EXAMINATION PAPERS
1.
Why
colonial government passed the law Criminal Tribes Act and imposition of Grazing
Tax?
2. How did the colonial rule change the pastoral life in India? Explain.
OR Under
colonial rule the life of pastoralists changed dramatically. Give four reasons.
3.
Give
any four reasons to explain why Maasai community lost their grazing land?
4.
Why
is cyclical movement necessary for all the tribal communities? How it affects
the land usage?
5.
Explain the movement of pastoral nomads of India in the mountains.
6.
Explain the factors that the pastoralist had to consider to sustain their life.
7.
What
were the wasteland rules? How did these rules affect the pastoralists? Give two
points for each?
8.
Explain any four factors responsible for the annual movement of the Dhangars.
9.
Explain any four laws which were introduced by the colonial government in India
changed the lives of pastoralists.
10.
Who
are Gujjar Bakarwals and Gaddis? What are the similarities between them?
11.
Why
were the pastoral lands shrinking under the colonial rule in India?
12.
How
did pastoral communities in India cope with the changes during colonial rule?
13.
Give
any four reasons to explain why the cattle stock of the Maasais decreased under
colonial rule?
14.
How
did the Grazing Tax implemented by the British on the pastoralists during
mid-nineteenth century? Explain.
15.
Why
did the colonial state want to transform all the grazing land into cultivable
farms?
16.
Explain the life of Gujjar Bakarwals of Jummu and Kashmir?