Social Science Class IX-Assignment
FOREST SOCIETY AND COLONIALISM
Assignment
MULTIPLE CHOICE
QUESTIONS
A. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1. The Imperial Forest Research
Institute was set up in
(a) Dehradun (b)
Delhi (c) Calcutta (d) Kanpur
2. This river ____________ flows
through Bastar.
(a) Ganga (b) Indus
(c) Indrawati (d) None of these
3. Java was a ____________ colony.
(a) French (b) English (c)
Dutch (d) None of these
4. Sarnas are _____________
(a) Sacred groves (b) Forests
(c) Grasslands (d) None of these
5. The Forest Act meant severe hardship
for the villagers across the country, because
(a) cutting wood, grazing cattle, collecting fruits, roots, hunting and
fishing became illegal
(b) people were forced to steal and if caught, and they had to pay
bribes to the forest guards
(c) women who collected firewood were harassed by guards. (d) all the
above
6. Shifting cultivation was banned by
the government in India because :
(a) European foresters regarded this practice as harmful for the
forests
(b) When a forest was burnt there was the danger of flames spreading
and burning valuable timber
(c) It also made it harder for the government to calculate taxes (d)
All the above
7. How did the American writer Richard
Harding justify the conquest of Honduras in Central America?
(a) The Central Americans were semibarbarians who failed to understand
the value of their land
(b) Uncultivated land had to be taken over by the colonisers and
improved
(c) Land could not be allowed to remain unimproved with its original
owner (d) All the above
8. Why does the story of the forests
and people of Bastar not end with the rebellion of 1910?
(a) Practice of keeping people out of the forests and reserving them
for industrial use continued even after Independence
(b) The World Bank proposed that 4,600 hectares of national
Sal
forest should be replaced by tropical pine for paper
industry. It was scrapped later
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
9. Which of the following problems were
faced by the people of Bastar under the colonial government?
(a) People of villages were displaced without any notice of
compensation
(b) Villagers suffered from increased rents, frequent demands for free
labour and goods by colonial officials
(c) Terrible famines in (1899-1900, 1907 and 1908) (d) All the above
10. About how much percentage of the
world’s total forest area was cleared between 1700 and 1995?
(a) 9% (b) 9.3% (c) 20.5% (d) 30%
11. What was the ‘scorched earth’
policy followed by the Dutch in Java during the First and the Second World Wars?
(a) Dutch weapons were destroyed on the land of Java (b) The earth was
exploited further to grow more trees
(c) Huge piles of giant teak logs were burnt and saw mills destroyed
(d) none of the above
12. What was the policy followed by the
British in India towards forests during the First and the Second World Wars?
(a) The forest department cut trees freely to meet British war needs
(b) Cutting of trees was strictly prohibited for everyone, including
the British
(c) More and more trees were planted to give employment to Indians (d)
None of the above
13. How have some of the dense forests
survived across India from Mizoram to Kerala?
(a) Villagers have protected them in sacred groves
(b) Some villagers have been partrolling their own forests
(c) By strict patrolling of forest officers (d) Both (a) and (b)
14. Out of three categories, which
forests were regarded as the best?
(a) Reserved forests (b) Protected forests (c) Village forests (d) Both (a) and
(b)
15. The new forest laws changed the
lives of forest-dwellers in yet another way. What was it?
(a) The forest laws prohibited people from hunting animals (b) The
people could not build houses in the forest areas
(c) Women were not allowed to work in the forest areas (d) None of the
above
16. Large areas of natural forests were
also cleared to make way for which of these?
(a) Tea (b) Coffee (c) Rubber (d) All the above
17. During the colonial period, the
British directly encouraged the production of which of these crops?
(a) Jute (b) Sugar and wheat (c) Cotton (d) All the above
18. Which of these trade regulations in
colonial India had serious effects on pastoralist and nomadic communities?
(a) Many communities became slave labours in tea and coffee plantations
(b) Some of them were called criminal tribes
(c) Grazing and hunting were restricted and many communities lost their
livelihood (d) All the above
19. Why did the cultivated area in
India rise between 1880 and 1920?
(a) The British directly encouraged the production of commercial crops
like jute, sugarcance, wheat and cotton
(b) Forests were considered to be wilderness. They had to be cultivated
to yield agricultural products and revenue
(c) The growing urban populations in Europe needed more crops and more
raw materials for industry
(d) All the above
20. The British believed that by
killing dangerous animals, the British would civilise India. What did they do to
encourage these killings?
(a) They gave rewards for killing tigers, wolves and other large
animals
(b) Over 80,000 tigers, 150,000 leopards and 200,000 wolves were killed
during 1875– 1925 alone
(c) Gradually the tiger came to be seen as a sporting trophy (d) All
the above
21. Which of the following problems
were faced by the tribal communities from Assam, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh etc?
(a) Stopping of ‘shifting cultivation’ had left them without a source
of earning
(b) In tea plantations their wages were low and conditions of work were
very bad
(c) They could not return easily to their home villages from where they
had been recruited (d) All the above
22. Where is Bastar located?
(a) Southern-most part of Chhattisgarh (b) In Central Jharkhand region
(c) In Andhra Pradesh (d) None of the above
23. What were ‘forest villages’?
(a) ‘Reserved forests’ where some villagers were allowed to stay
(b) Forests which were cut down to make new villages (c) Villages where
forests were to be grown (d) None of the above
24. Who was Gunda Dhur?
(a) A rebel of Java (b) First Inspector General (c) A rebel of Santhal
rebellion (d) A leader of Dhurwas tribe
25. What was the result of the rebellion by the
Dhurwas?
(a) The British sent troops to supress the rebellion (b) Work on reservation was
temporarily suspended
(c) Area to be reserved was reduced to roughly half of that planned before 1910
(d) All the above
26. Who were the colonial power in Indonesia?
(a) British (b) Dutch (c) French (d) Portuguese
27. Which place is now famous as a rice producing
island in Indonesia?
(a) Java (b) Sumatra (c) Borneo (d) Kalimantan
28. Where did the Dutch start forest management in
Indonesia?
(a) Java (b) Sumatra (c) Bali (d) None of the above
29. Who were ‘Kalangs’ of Java?
(a) Dynasty of rulers (b) Skilled forest cutters and shifting cultivators
(c) A community of moneylenders (d) None of the above
30. The Kalangs resisted the Dutch in
(a) 1700 (b) 1750 (c) 1770 (d) 1800
31. According to the forest laws enacted by the
Dutch in Java,
(a) villagers’ access to forest was restricted (b) wood could be cut only for
specified purposes like making river boats or constructing houses
(c) villagers were punished for grazing cattle (d) all the above
32. What was the system of ‘Blandongdiensten’?
(a) A system of education (b) Industrialisation
(c) First imposition of rent on land and thenexemption (d) None of the
above
33. What did Surontiko Samin of Randublatung
village, a teak forest village, begin questioning?
(a) The foreign policy of the Dutch (b) State ownership of the forest
(c) The export policy of the Dutch (d) None of the above
34. What was the policy followed by the British in
India towards forests during the First and the Second World Wars?
(a) The forest department cut trees freely to meet British war needs
(b) Cutting of trees was strictly prohibited for everyone, including the British
(c) More and more trees were planted to give employment to Indians (d) None of
the above
35. What is the goal of governments across Asia and
Africa since the 1980s?
(a) Conservation of forests (b) Collection of timber
(c) Settling people in forest areas (d) Destroying old forests and growing new
ones
36. Who wrote the book ‘The Forests of India’ in
the year 1923?
(a) David Spurr (b) E.P. Stebbing (c) Verrier Elwin (d) John Middleton
B.QUESTIONS FROM CBSE EXAMINATION PAPERS
1. How many per cent of world forest area was
cleared for industrial uses, cultivation, pastures and fuel wood between 1700
and 1995?
(a) 19.3% (b) 9.3% (c) 6.3% (d) 16.3%
2. According to Forest Act 1878, which of the
following were called best forest?
(a) Protected forest (b) Village forest (c) Reserved forest (d) None of these
3. The Imperial Forest Institute was set up at:
(a) Lucknow (b) Jamshedpur (c) Dehradun (d) Chennai
4. How many times Forest Act of 1865 was amended?
(a) Once (b) twice (c) thrice (d) never
5. Which of the following is not associated with
Swidden agriculture?
(a) Karacha (b) Jhum (c) Bewar (d) Penda
6. Indian Forest Service was set up in the year:
(a) 1865 (b) 1864 (c) 1854 (d) 1884
7. Which of the following was not a tribal
community?
(a) Karacha (b) Jhum (c) Korava (d) Yerukula
8. The system of scientific forestry stands for:
(a) system whereby the local farmers were allowed to cultivate temporarily
within a plantation
(b) system of cuting old trees and plant new ones (c) division of forest into
three categories (d) disappearance of forests
9. Where is Bastar located?
(a) Chhattisgarh (b) Andhra Pradesh (c) Orissa (d) Madhya Pradesh
10. When was Indian Forest Act passed?
(a) 1869 (b) 1855 (c) 1865 (d) 1860
11. In Blandongdiensten System:
(a) Villages were exempted from taxes (b) Villages worked collectively to
provide free labour
(c) Animals were used for cuting and transporting timber (d) All the above
12. In which year the Bastar rebellion took place?
(a) 1910 (b) 1909 (c) 1911 (d) 1912
13. In South-East Asia shifting agriculture is
known as:
(a) Chitemene (b) Tavy (c) Lading (d) Milpa
14. The Gond forest community belongs to which of
the following?
(a) Chhattisgarh (b) Jharkhand (c) Jammu and Kashmir (d) Gujarat
15. Forests consisting of which type of trees were
preferred by the Forest Department?
(a) Forests having trees which provided fuel, fodder and leaves
(b) Forests having soft wood (c) Forests having trees suitable for building
ships and railways
16. Which of the following term is not associated
with shifting agriculture in India?
(a) Penda (b) Bewar (c) Khandad (d) Lading
17. Which of the following community is skilled
forest cutters?
(a) Maasais of Africa (b) Mundas of Chhotanagpur (c) Gonds of Orissa (d) Kalangs
of Java
18. Why did the government decide to ban shifting
cultivation?
(a) To grow trees for railway timber (b) When a forest was burnt, there was the
danger of destroying valuable timber
(c) Difficulties for the government to calculate taxes (d) All the above reasons
19. Wooden planks laid across railway tracks to
hold these tracks in a position are called:
(a) Beams (b) Sleepers (c) Rail fasteners (d) None of these
20. Which of the following was the most essential
for the colonial trade and movement of goods?
(a) Roadways (b) Railways (c) Airways (d) Riverways
21. Which of the following is a commercial crop?
(a) Rice (b) Wheat (c) Cotton (d) Corn
22. Colonial rulers considered forest as
unproductive because:
(a) the forests were not fit for habitation
(c) forest had wild grown trees only
(c) forest did not yield revenue to enhance income of the state (d) forests were
full of wild animals
23. Who were the colonial power in Indonesia?
(a) British (b) Dutch (c) French (d) Portuguese
24. Java is famous for:
(a) Rice production (b) Mining Industries (c) Huge population (d) Flood and
famines
25. Latex can be collected from which of the
following trees?
(a) Rubber tree (b) Eucalyptus tree (c) Pine tree (d) Deodar tree
26. Who among the following led the forest revolt
in Bastar?
(a) Siddhu (b) Birsa Munda (c) Kanu (d) Gunda Dhur
27. Villagers wanted forests to satisfy their
following needs:
(a) Fuel, fodder and shelter (b) Fuel, fodder and fruit
(c) Fuel, fodder and cultivation (d) Fuel, fodder and minerals
28. Dietrich Brandis was the:
(a) first Governor of Forest Management (b) founder of Forest Society
(c) first Inspector General of Forest in India (d) governor to introduce Forest
Act of 1858
29. Who established control over Java?
(a) The English (b) The French (c) The Portuguese (d) The Dutch.
30. Which forest community of Central India sent a
petition against stopping of shifting cultivation in 1892?
(a) Maria (b) Baigas (c) Bhatra (d) Muria
31. How much part of India’s land mass was under
cultivation in 1600 AD?
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/6 (c) 1/5 (d) 1/2
32. When was the Imperial Forest Research Institute
was set up at Dehradun?
(a) 1905 (b) 1906 (c) 1907 (d) 1910
33. How many sleepers are required for each mile of
railway?
(a) 1600 to 2000 sleepers (b) 1500 to 2500 sleepers (c) 1760 to 2000 sleepers
(d) 1360 to 1500 sleepers
34. Who among the following was the first Inspector
General of Forest in India?
(a) Dietrich Brandis (b) John Dawson (c) Nagurunderi (d) None of the above
35. Which one of the following is the local name of
shifting cultivation in Central America?
(a) Lading (b) Milpa (c) Chena (d) Podu
36. The ‘scorched earth policy’ in Java was
followed by the :
(a) Japanese (b) British (c) Dutch (d) French
37. Which one of the following is not a local name
of shifting cultivation?
(a) Dhya (b) Kumri (c) Podu (d) Rai
II. SHORT ANSWER TYPE
QUESTIONS (3 marks)
A. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1.
What
is deforestation? Why is it considered harmful?
2.
Describe scientific forestry.
3.
Mention the various uses of forests.
4.
What
is shifting agriculture? Why was it regarded as harmful by the British?
5.
Explain why did the Dutch adopt the ‘scorched earth policy’ during the war?
6.
How
did the forest rules affect cultivation?
III. LONG ANSWER TYPE
QUESTIONS (4 marks)
A. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1.
Discuss the rise of commercial forestry under the colonial governments.
2.
How
did the new forest laws affect the forest dwellers?
3.
“The
introduction of extremely exploitative and oppressive policies proved to be a
disaster.” With reference to Bastar —
(a) What were these policies?
(b) What were the consequences of these policies?
4.
How
did the transformation in the forest management during the colonial period
affect the following?
(a) Pastoral communities (b) Shifting cultivators
5.
How
did the following contribute towards the decline of forest cover in India
between 1880-1920?
(a) Railways and shipbuilding (b) Commercial farming
6.
How
was the colonial management of forest in Bastar similar to that of Java?
7.
What
new trends and developments have affected forestry of today?
B. QUESTIONS FROM CBSE EXAMINATION PAPERS
1.
Why
did the people of Bastar rise in revolt against the British? Explain.
2.
Describe the role played by Dutch colonialists in deforestation in Java.
3.
How
forests of Java were affected by Dutch colonialists? Describe how farms for rice
cultivation in Java expanded?
4.
Explain shifting agriculture? Why did the British consider it as a harmful
practice?
5.
State in brief the major causes of deforestation in India during the British
rule.
6.
‘‘A
growing population in England was responsible for deforestation in India.”
Justify the statement.
7.
Describe four provisions of the Forest Act of 1878.
8.
Describe how the changes in forest management affected different group of the
people in the colonial period?
9.
Explain how did the First World War and the Second World War have a major impact
on forests?
10.
Who
was appointed as the first Inspector General of Forests in India? Explain any
three reforms introduced by him.
11.
How
did the changes in forest management in the colonial period affect the following
group of people :
(a) Shifting Cultivators (b) Nomadic and Pastoralist communities
12.
Give
two similarities between the colonial management of the forest in Bastar and in
Java.
13.
“Forest Acts affect the lives of foresters and villagers.” Justify the statement
with four suitable arguments.
OR
How did the Forest Act affect the lives of foresters and villagers?
14.
How
did commercial farming led to a decline in forest cover during colonial period?
15.
Write any four ways by which British regulated the life of the forest societies
in India.
16.
Explain any four ideas of Dietrich Brandis for the management of forests in
India during the British period.
17.
How
did the local people look after and protect the forests in Bastar region?
18.
Explain any four causes of deforestation in India under the colonial rule.